scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Cantilever

About: Cantilever is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19032 publications have been published within this topic receiving 265886 citations.


Papers
More filters
Book
04 Apr 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a mathematical model of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system with a two-segment cantilever and a single-mode Euler-Bernoulli model.
Abstract: About the Authors. Preface. 1. Introduction to Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. 1.1 Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Transduction. 1.2 An Examples of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System. 1.3 Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. 1.4 Summary of the Theory of Linear Piezoelectricity. 1.5 Outline of the Book. 2. Base Excitation Problem for Cantilevered Structures and Correction of the Lumped-Parameter Electromechanical Model. 2.1 Base Excitation Problem for the Transverse Vibrations. 2.2 Correction of the Lumped-Parameter Base Excitation Model for Transverse Vibrations. 2.3 Experimental Case Studies for Validation of the Correction Factor. 2.4 Base Excitation Problem for Longitudinal Vibrations and Correction of its Lumped-Parameter Model. 2.5 Correction Factor in the Electromechanically Coupled Lumped-Parameter Equations and a Theoretical Case Study. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 Chapter Notes. 3. Analytical Distributed-Parameter Electromechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. 3.1 Fundamentals of the Electromechanically Coupled Distributed-Parameter Model. 3.2 Series Connection of the Piezoceramic Layers. 3.3 Parallel Connection of Piezoceramic Layers. 3.4 Equivalent Representation of the Series and the Parallel Connection Cases. 3.5 Single-Mode Electromechanical Equations for Modal Excitations. 3.6 Multi-mode and Single-Mode Electromechanical FRFs. 3.7 Theoretical Case Study. 3.8 Summary. 3.9 Chapter Notes. 4. Experimental Validation of the Analytical Solution for Bimorph Configurations. 4.1 PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever without a Tip Mass. 4.2 PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever with a Tip Mass. 4.3 PZT-5A Bimorph Cantilever. 4.4 Summary. 4.5 Chapter Notes. 5. Dimensionless Equations, Asymptotic Analyses, and Closed-Form Relations for Parameter Identification and Optimization. 5.1 Dimensionless Representation of the Single-Mode Electromechanical FRFs. 5.2 Asymptotic Analyses and Resonance Frequencies. 5.3 Identification of Mechanical Damping. 5.4 Identification of the Optimum Electrical Load for Resonance Excitation. 5.5 Intersection of the Voltage Asymptotes and a Simple Technique for the Experimental Identification of the Optimum Load Resistance. 5.6 Vibration Attenuation Amplification from the Short-Circuit to Open-Circuit Conditions. 5.7 Experimental Validation for a PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever. 5.8 Summary. 5.9 Chapter Notes. 6. Approximate Analytical Distributed-Parameter Electromechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. 6.1 Unimorph Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Configuration. 6.2 Electromechanical Euler-Bernoulli Model with Axial Deformations. 6.3 Electromechanical Rayleigh Model with Axial Deformations. 6.4 Electromechanical Timoshenko Model with Axial Deformations. 6.5 Modeling of Symmetric Configurations. 6.6 Presence of a Tip Mass in the Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh, and Timoshenko Models. 6.7 Comments on the Kinematically Admissible Trial Functions. 6.8 Experimental Validation of the Assumed-Modes Solution for a Bimorph Cantilever. 6.9 Experimental Validation for a Two-Segment Cantilever. 6.10 Summary. 6.11 Chapter Notes. 7. Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Various Forms of Dynamic Loading. 7.1 Governing Electromechanical Equations. 7.2 Periodic Excitation. 7.3 White Noise Excitation. 7.4 Excitation Due to Moving Loads. 7.5 Local Strain Fluctuations on Large Structures. 7.6 Numerical Solution for General Transient Excitation. 7.7 Case Studies. 7.8 Summary. 7.9 Chapter Notes. 8. Modeling and Exploiting Mechanical Nonlinearities in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. 8.1 Perturbation Solution of the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Problem: the Method of Multiple Scales. 8.2 Monostable Duffing Oscillator with Piezoelectric Coupling. 8.3 Bistable Duffing Oscillator with Piezoelectric Coupling: the Piezomagnetoelastic Energy Harvester. 8.4 Experimental Performance Results of the Bistable Peizomagnetoelastic Energy Harvester. 8.5 A Bistable Plate for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. 8.6 Summary. 8.7 Chapter Notes. 9. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Aeroelastic Vibrations. 9.1 A Lumped-Parameter Piezoaeroelastic Energy Harvester Model for Harmonic Response. 9.2 Experimental Validations of the Lumped-Parameter Model at the Flutter Boundary. 9.3 Utilization of System Nonlinearities in Piezoaeroelastic Energy Harvesting. 9.4 A Distributed-Parameter Piezoaeroelastic Model for Harmonic Response: Assumed-Modes Formulation. 9.5 Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Piezoaeroelastic Formulations with Finite-Element Modeling. 9.6 Theoretical Case Study for Airflow Excitation of a Cantilevered Plate. 9.7 Summary. 9.8 Chapter Notes. 10. Effects of Material Constants and Mechanical Damping on Power Generation. 10.1 Effective Parameters of Various Soft Ceramics and Single Crystals. 10.2 Theoretical Case Study for Performance Comparison of Soft Ceramics and Single Crystals. 10.3 Effective Parameters of Typical Soft and Hard Ceramics and Single Crystals. 10.4 Theoretical Case Study for Performance Comparison of Soft and Hard Ceramics and Single Crystals. 10.5 Experimental Demonstration for PZT-5A and PZT-5H Cantilevers. 10.6 Summary. 10.7 Chapter Notes. 11. A Brief Review of the Literature of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuits. 11.1 AC-DC Rectification and Analysis of the Rectified Output. 11.2 Two-Stage Energy Harvesting Circuits: DC-DC Conversion for Impedance Matching. 11.3 Synchronized Switching on Inductor for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting. 11.4 Summary. 11.5 Chapter Notes. Appendix A. Piezoelectric Constitutive Equations. Appendix B. Modeling of the Excitation Force in Support Motion Problems of Beams and Bars. Appendix C. Modal Analysis of a Uniform Cantilever with a Tip Mass. Appendix D. Strain Nodes of a Uniform Thin Beam for Cantilevered and Other Boundary Conditions. Appendix E. Numerical Data for PZT-5A and PZT-5H Piezoceramics. Appendix F. Constitutive Equations for an Isotropic Substructure. Appendix G. Essential Boundary Conditions for Cantilevered Beams. Appendix H. Electromechanical Lagrange Equations Based on the Extended Hamilton s Principle. Index.

1,471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributedparameter control theory, and preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the beam.
Abstract: An active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributed-parameter control theory. The distributed-parameter actuator was a piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride). Lyapunov's second method for distributed-parameter systems was used to design a control algorithm for the damper. If the angular velocity of the tip of the beam is known, all modes of the beam can be controlled simultaneously. Preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the cantilever beam. A linear constant-gain controller and a nonlinear constant-amplitude controller were compared. The baseline loss factor of the first mode was 0.003 for large-amplitude vibrations (± 2 cm tip displacement) decreasing to 0.001 for small vibrations (±0.5 mm tip displacement). The constant-gain controller provided more than a factor of two increase in the modal damping with a feedback voltage limit of 200 V rms. With the same voltage limit, the constant-amplitude controller achieved the same damping as the constant-gain controller for large vibrations, but increased the modal loss factor by more than an order of magnitude to at least 0.040 for small vibration levels.

1,408 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force is presented.
Abstract: The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams.

1,359 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple optical method for detecting the cantilever deflection in atomic force microscopy is described, and the method is incorporated in an atomic force microscope, and imaging and force measurements, in ultrahigh vacuum, are successfully performed.
Abstract: A sensitive and simple optical method for detecting the cantilever deflection in atomic force microscopy is described. The method was incorporated in an atomic force microscope, and imaging and force measurements, in ultrahigh vacuum, were successfully performed.

1,250 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Finite element method
178.6K papers, 3M citations
83% related
Carbon nanotube
109K papers, 3.6M citations
80% related
Nonlinear system
208.1K papers, 4M citations
79% related
Ultimate tensile strength
129.2K papers, 2.1M citations
78% related
Thin film
275.5K papers, 4.5M citations
77% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023759
20221,537
2021553
2020729
2019894
2018944