Capital deepening

About: Capital deepening is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5203 publications have been published within this topic receiving 230297 citations.

An Empirical Analysis on Capital Flows: The Case of Korea and Mexico

Abstract: This paper discusses causes of capital flows in Korea and Mexico. Both countries received substantial amounts of foreign capital in the late 1980s and early 1990s. International capital helped these countries achieve a higher standard of living and faster economic growth. However, undesirable macroeconomic effects such as appreciation of real exchange rate and widening current account deficits usually accompany foreign capital inflows. The vector autoregressive (VAR) method is applied to investigate the underlying shocks causing the capital inflows. The main findings are that the U.S. business cycle and shocks to foreign interest rates account for more than 50% of capital inflows to both countries in the past two decades.

Why Do Most Countries Set High Tax Rates on Capital

Abstract: We consider tax competition in a world with tax bases exhibiting different degrees of mobility, modeled as mobile and immobile capital. An agreement among countries not to give preferential treatment to mobile capital results in an equilibrium where mobile capital is nevertheless taxed relatively lightly. In particular, one or two of the smallest countries, measured by their stocks of immobile capital, choose relatively low tax rates, thereby attracting mobile capital away from the other countries, which are the left to set revenue maximizing taxes on their immobile capital. This conclusion holds regardless of whether countries choose their tax policies sequentially or simultaneously. In contrast, unrestricted competition for mobile capital results in the preferential treatment of mobile capital by all countries, without cross-country differences in the taxation of mobile capital. Nevertheless our main result is that the non-preferential regime generates larger global tax revenue, despite the sizable revenue loss from the emergence of low-tax countries. By extending the analysis to include cross-country differences in productivities, we are able to resurrect a case for preferential regimes, but only if the productivity differences are sufficiently large.

Did the Indian Capital Controls Work as a Tool of Macroeconomic Policy

Abstract: The present debate over capital controls emphasizes their potential role as tools for macroeconomic and financial stability. The effectiveness of these tools may depend on whether a country has the legal and administrative machinery to implement capital controls. This paper contributes to the analysis of the costs and benefits of capital controls by studying the experience of India, a country that has a system of capital controls that had never been dismantled. The paper finds that when the capital controls were used as tools of macroeconomic policy, during a capital surge, the Indian experience appears to be similar to that of other countries.

The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sudan

Abstract: This paper empirically investigates the impact of human capital on economic growth in Sudan for the period 1982-2009 by using a simultaneous equation model that links human capital i.e. school attainment; and investment in education and health to economic growth, total productivity, foreign direct investment, and human development index. Based on three-stage least squares technique, the empirical results of the paper show that quality of the education has a determinant role in the economic growth; health quality factor has a positive impact on economic growth as expected and total factor productivity which mainly represents the state of technology has adverse effect on economic growth and human development due to the obsolete and old fashion technology.