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Capitalism
About: Capitalism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 858042 citations.
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01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Wariinga's critique of modern Kenya highlights the greed and capitalism prevalent in society as mentioned in this paper, and Despair drives Wariinga to leave Nairobi and seek refuge in her home town of Ilmorog.
Abstract: This critique of modern Kenya highlights the greed and capitalism prevalent in society. Despair drives Wariinga to leave Nairobi and seek refuge in her home town of Ilmorog. On her journey she is handed an invitation to a feast of thieves, a competition organized by the devil.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of what makes economic goods differ from other kinds of goods, which can help to answer this question, is proposed to determine which goods are properly subjects of market transactions and which are not.
Abstract: A distinctive feature of modern capitalist societies is the tendency of the market to take over the production, maintenance, and distribution of goods that were previously produced, maintained, and distributed by nonmarket means. Yet, there is a wide range of disagreement regarding the proper extent of the market in providing many goods. Labor has been treated as a commodity since the advent of capitalism, but not without significant and continuing challenges to this arrangement. Other goods whose production for and distribution on the market are currently the subject of dispute include sexual intercourse, human blood, and human body parts such as kidneys. How can we determine which goods are properly subjects of market transactions and which are not? The purpose of this article is to propose a theory of what makes economic goods differ from other kinds of goods, which can help to answer this question.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that international tourism may be one important means by which the capitalist world economy seeks to sustain itself in the face of inherent contradictions that threaten its long-term survival.
Abstract: This article contends that international tourism may be one important means by which the capitalist world-economy seeks to sustain itself in the face of inherent contradictions that threaten its long-term survival. Marxist critics have long identified an inevitable tendency towards crises of overproduction (over-accumulation) within the capitalist system, provoked by what Marx termed the central contradiction between imperatives of production and consumption. Subsequent analysts have highlighted a variety of so-called ‘fixes’ by which overproduction crises can be forestalled through spatial and/or temporal displacement of excess accumulated capital. Building upon this analysis, I outline a number of such fixes intrinsic to the development of the international tourism industry. In addition, I suggest that ecotourism development in particular provides additional fixes for capitalism's so-called ‘second contradiction’ between the imperative of continual growth and finite natural resources. In sum, I...
159 citations
Book•
04 May 2017
TL;DR: Ekbia and Nardi as mentioned in this paper explore the social and technological processes through which economic value is extracted from digitally mediated work, the nature of the value created, and what prompts people to participate in the process.
Abstract: An exploration of a new division of laborbetween machines and humans, in which people provide value to the economy with little or no compensation. The computerization of the economy -- and everyday life -- has transformed the division of labor between humans and machines, shifting many people into work that is hidden, poorly compensated, or accepted as part of being a "user" of digital technology. Through our clicks and swipes, logins and profiles, emails and posts, we are, more or less willingly, participating in digital activities that yield economic value to others but little or no return to us. Hamid Ekbia and Bonnie Nardi call this kind of participation -- the extraction of economic value from low-cost or free labor in computer-mediated networks -- "heteromation." In this book, they explore the social and technological processes through which economic value is extracted from digitally mediated work, the nature of the value created, and what prompts people to participate in the process. Arguing that heteromation is a new logic of capital accumulation, Ekbia and Nardi consider different kinds of heteromated labor: communicative labor, seen in user-generated content on social media; cognitive labor, including microwork and self-service; creative labor, from gaming environments to literary productions; emotional labor, often hidden within paid jobs; and organizing labor, made up of collaborative groups such as citizen scientists. Ekbia and Nardi then offer a utopian vision: heteromation refigured to bring end users more fully into the prosperity of capitalism.
159 citations