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Capitalism

About: Capitalism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27714 publications have been published within this topic receiving 858042 citations.


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Book
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, Okun explores the conflicts that arise when society's desire to reduce inequality would impair economic efficiency, confronting policymakers with ''the big tradeoff'' and argues that within the existing system there are ways to gain more of one good thing at a lower cost in terms of the other.
Abstract: Contemporary American society has the look of a split-level structure. Its political and social institutions distribute rights and privileges universally and proclaim the equality of all citizens. Yet economic institutions, with efficiency as their guiding principle, create disparities among citizens in living standards and material welfare. This mixture of equal rights and unequal economic status breeds tensions between the political principles of democracy and the economic principles of capitalism. Whenever the wealthy try for extra helpings of supposedly equal rights, and whenever the workings of the market deny anyone a minimum standard of living, ""dollars transgress on rights""--in the author's phrase. In this revised and expanded version of the Godkin Lectures presented at the John F. Kennedy School at Harvard University in April 1974, Arthur M. Okun explores the conflicts that arise when society's desire to reduce inequality would impair economic efficiency, confronting policymakers with ""the big tradeoff."" Other economic systems have attempted to solve this problem; but the best of socialist experiments have achieved a greater degree of equality than our mixed capitalist democracy only at heavy costs in efficiency, and dictatorial governments have reached heights of efficiency only by rigidly repressing their citizenry. In contrast, our basic system emerges as a viable, if uneasy, compromise in which the market has its place and democratic institutions keep it in check. But within the existing system there are ways to gain more of one good thing at a lower cost in terms of the other. In Okun's view, society's concern for human dignity can be directed at reducing the economic deprivation that stains the record of American democracy--through progressive taxation, transfer payments, job programs, broadening equality of opportunity, eliminating racial and sexual discrimination, and lowering barriers to access to capital.

1,094 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The End of Organized Capitalism as mentioned in this paper argues that despite Marx s and Weber s insistence that capitalist societies become increasingly more ordered, we now live in an era of disorganized capitalism, and argues that there is a movement toward a deconcentration of capital within nation-states; toward the increased separation of banks, industry and the state; and toward the redistribution of productive relations and class-relevant residential patterns.
Abstract: \"The End of Organized Capitalism\" argues that despite Marx s and Weber s insistence that capitalist societies become increasingly more ordered we now live in an era of disorganized capitalism. The book is devoted to a systematic examination of the shift to disorganized capitalism in five Western nations (Britain, the United States, France, West Germany, and Sweden). Through the analysis of space, class, and culture, Lash and Urry portray the restructuring of capitalist social relations that has resulted from this disorganization. They adduce evidence for the claims that in each of the nations there is a movement toward a deconcentration of capital within nation-states; toward the increased separation of banks, industry and the state; and toward the redistribution of productive relations and class-relevant residential patterns. The authors also show that national disparities in contemporary, disorganized capitalism can be understood through close examination of the extent to which, and mode in which, capitalism became historically organized in each of the five countries under consideration. The lucid arguments and judicious comparisons in this book will be of great interest to political scientists, sociologists, geographers, economists, and historians. \

1,083 citations

MonographDOI
01 Sep 2008
TL;DR: The authors presents a story of two Chinas, an entrepreneurial rural China and a state-controlled urban China, and uses the emerging Indian miracle to debunk the widespread notion that democracy is automatically anti-growth.
Abstract: Presents a story of two Chinas – an entrepreneurial rural China and a state-controlled urban China. In the 1980s, rural China gained the upper hand. In the 1990s, urban China triumphed. In the 1990s, the Chinese state reversed many of its rural experiments, with long-lasting damage to the economy and society. A weak financial sector, income disparity, rising illiteracy, productivity slowdowns, and reduced personal income growth are the product of the capitalism with Chinese characteristics of the 1990s and beyond. While GDP grew quickly in both decades, the welfare implications of growth differed substantially. The book uses the emerging Indian miracle to debunk the widespread notion that democracy is automatically anti-growth. As the country marked its 30th anniversary of reforms in 2008, China faces some of its toughest economic challenges and substantial vulnerabilities that require fundamental institutional reforms.

1,081 citations

Book
08 Jan 2007
TL;DR: A list of abbreviations for the bus can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the California political economy, crime, croplands, and capitalism, and what is to be done.
Abstract: Preface and Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Prologue: The Bus 1. Introduction 2. The California Political Economy 3. The Prison Fix 4. Crime, Croplands, and Capitalism 5. Mothers Reclaiming Our Children 6. What Is to Be Done? Epilogue: Another Bus Notes

1,061 citations

BookDOI
TL;DR: Boyer and Boyer as discussed by the authors discuss how and why social systems of production change and the role of institutions in the evolution of these systems. But their focus is on the economic actors and social actors and not on the institutions themselves.
Abstract: Part I: 1. Coordination of economic actors and social systems of production Rogers Hollingsworth and Robert Boyer Part II: Introduction: the variety of institutional arrangements and their complementarity in modern economics Rogers Hollingsworth and Robert Boyer 2. The variety and unequal performance of markets Robert Boyer 3. A typology of cooperative interorganizational relationships and networks Jerald Hage and Catherine Alter 4. Weathering the storm: associational governance in a globalizing era William Coleman 5. Constitutional orders: trust building and response to change Charles F. Sabel Part III: Introduction: how and why do social systems of production change? Robert Boyer and Rogers Hollingsworth 6. Beneficial constraints: on the economic limits of rational voluntarism Wolfgang Streeck 7. Flexible specialization: theory and evidence in the analysis of industrial change 8. Globalization, variety and mass production: the metamorphosis of mass production in the new competitive age Benjamin Coriat 9. Continuities and changes in social systems of production: the cases of Japan, Germany, and the United States Rogers Hollingsworth Part IV: Introduction: levels of spatial coordination and the embeddedness of institutions Philippe Schmitter 10. Perspectives on globalization and economic coordination Wyn Grant 11. Globalization in question: international economic relations and forms of public governance Paul Hirst and Grahame Thompson 12. The formation of international regimes in the absence of a Hegemon: clubs are trump Lorraine Eden and Fen Osler Hampson 13. The emerging Euro-polity and its impact upon national systems of production Philippe Schmitter Part V: Conclusion: from national embeddness to spatial and institutional nestedness Robert Boyer and Rogers Hollingsworth.

1,059 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20231,685
20223,695
2021801
2020934
20191,091