Topic
Carbochemistry
About: Carbochemistry is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16626 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an analysis of future needs for non-fuel uses of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and a discussion of possible new routes for developing chemicals and materials from coal.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of R and D in catalytic direct liquefaction has shown that catalyst lifetime is more important than initial activity, and that contamination by 20-30 wt% carbonaceous material and 2-8 wt % inorganics results in deactivation best described by the shell progressive deactivation mechanism.
Abstract: A review of R and D in catalytic direct liquefaction has shown that catalyst lifetime is more important than initial activity. Deactivation studies indicate that contamination by 20-30 wt% carbonaceous material and 2-8 wt% inorganics results in deactivation best described by the shell progressive deactivation mechanism. Metals contamination is confined to the outer several hundred microns of the catalyst and pore volume distributions show a marked change towards higher average pore size in support of this mechanism. The indication is that the primary function of catalysts in direct liquefaction is hydrogenation of solvents.
60 citations
31 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an analysis of future needs for non-fuel uses of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and a discussion of possible routes for developing chemicals and materials.
Abstract: This paper provides an account of our analysis of future needs for non-fuel uses of fossil fuels, particularly coal, and a discussion of possible routes for developing chemicals and materials. An overview of energy supply and demand in the world and the existing non-fuel uses of fossil fuels in the U.S. will be given first. The amount of energy used for non-fuel purpose is small compared with the amount of energy consumed by end users. Nevertheless, the non-fuel uses of fossil fuels may become more important in the future. The demonstrated coal reserves in the world are enough for consumption of over 220 years at the 1992 level, while the oil reserves are only about 40 times of the worlds consumption level in 1992. Coal may become more important both as energy source and as the source of chemical feedstocks as we move into the 21st century. However, traditional non-fuel uses of coals (coke ovens and the coal tars) are diminishing rapidly. We will discuss the possible new processes for making both bulk and specialty chemicals and polymers and carbon materials from coals and liquids from coal liquefaction. Specific examples will be provided from work in progress in our laboratory, more » including conversion of coals and coal liquids to Specialty chemicals, polymer materials, activated carbons, graphitic carbons, and electrode materials. « less
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and Xray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) were used to study the chemistry of organically bound sulphur species in coal during mild coal oxidation.
59 citations
TL;DR: Low melting binary and ternary eutectics of the alkali metal halides, carbonates and sulphates have been found to be more effective low temperature catalysts for the CO2 and steam gasification of graphite and coal chars than the pure salt components as discussed by the authors.
59 citations