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Carbochemistry

About: Carbochemistry is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 16626 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of Wyodak coal using tetralin and 1000 psig (cold) H[sub 2] were experimentally measured and mathematically modeled, and experiments were carried out in a 27 cm[sup 3] horizontally shaken autoclave microreactor at 648-698 K for reaction times of 5--120 min.
Abstract: This paper describes the kinetics of the direct liquefaction of Wyodak coal using tetralin and 1000 psig (cold) H[sub 2] were experimentally measured and mathematically modeled. Experiments were carried out in a 27-cm[sup 3] horizontally shaken autoclave microreactor at 648-698 K for reaction times of 5--120 min. Some experiments were carried out at lower temperatures to determine if the model would be accurate at such conditions. Three catalyst combinations were used, Mo/Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3]/SO[sub 4], Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3]/SO[sub 4], and Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3], each with elemental sulfur. Four reaction pathways were considered: coal to asphaltenes, coal to gas, coal to oils, and asphaltenes to oils. In each pathway (except for the conversion of coal to gas), parallel thermal and catalytic reactions were included. The conversion of coal to asphaltenes was found to be primarily thermal and conversion of asphaltenes to oils was primarily catalytic, while conversion of coal to oils had significant thermal and catalytic contributions. The frequency factor and activation energy of each significant rate constant were estimated by correlating data for all temperatures (16 parameters).

10 citations

01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored possible relationships between coal-char gasification reactivities and physical and chemical coal and coalchar properties, and found that coal chars have relatively simple compositional parameters of raw coals of a wide range of rank and maceral composition.
Abstract: Possible relationships between coal-char gasification reactivities, and physical and chemical coal and coal-char properties were explored. Gasification tests were conducted with hydrogen and steam-hydrogen mixtures in a thermobalance apparatus under constant environmental conditions at elevated pressures and temperatures to obtain the information necessary to define relative reactivity factors of the different coal chars evaluated. Potentially useful correlations relating gasification reactivity factors of coal chars to relatively simple compositional parameters of raw coals of a wide range of rank and maceral composition are discussed. Results are also presented to characterize variations in internal surface areas and pore volume distributions of several selected coal chars during the course of gasification.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, coal was studied using 3 coals (2 Japanese, 1 Chinese) in the presence of various metal oxide catalysts under conditions of 7-15 MPa of hydrogen and 380-450 C. The conversion of coal reached 100%, and the yield of n-hexane-soluble oil fraction was about 80%.
Abstract: Liquefaction of coal was studied using 3 coals (2 Japanese, 1 Chinese) in the presence of various metal oxide catalysts under conditions of 7-15 MPa of hydrogen and 380-450 C. Tin oxide showed the highest activity on the hydroliquefaction of a Japanese bituminous coal. The conversion of coal reached 100%, and the yield of n-hexane-soluble oil fraction was about 80%. With the 3 coals, it was found that the conversion decreased as the amount of fixed carbon increased. The tin oxide catalyst was reduced to metallic tin, the particles of which were molten and mixed with coal ash. The recovered ash containing tin particles showed almost the same activity as fresh tin oxide catalyst.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1989-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, the peculiarities in methanol action during liquefaction of coals having different origin and rank were investigated, and it was concluded that reactive coal intermediates are subjected to alkylation.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the correlation between the properties of vehicle solvents and the yield of distillable oil products from the liquefaction of Japanese subbituminous coal using tar sand bitumen, shale oil, coal liquid, anthracene oil, and their hydrotreated oils as vehicle oil was investigated.
Abstract: The correlation between the properties of vehicle solvents and the yield of distillable oil products from the liquefaction of Japanese subbituminous coal using tar sand bitumen, shale oil, coal liquid, anthracene oil, and their hydrotreated oils as vehicle oil was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a 500-mL autoclave at 420-450 o C under 160-200 kg/cm 2 (gauge) hydrogen pressure using red mud-sulfur as a catalyst. In some cases, hydrotreatment of solvents and liquefied heavy products was also carried out in the same autoclave at 390 or 420 o C using Ni-Mo type catalyst. The yields of distillable oil calculated on a daf feed basis from coal liquefaction using untreated heavy solvents were fairly low at about 65-75 wt % with the exception of tar sand bitumen which showed 55 wt %. The distillable oil yields increased up to 80 wt % with hydrotreatment to a level comparable with coal-derived solvent with the additional hydrotreatment of the liquefied products. To obtain a higher yield of distillable oil, prehydrotreatment of tar sand bitumen is very important. On the other hand hydrotreatment of the liquefied product is very effective in the case of shale oil and coal-derived solvent. The oil yields calculated on the basis of the reactivity of solvent without coal under the same conditions also improved with hydrotreatment. Distillation characteristics and structural analyses of solvents are discussed in detail with yields of gas, oil, and SRC

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20182
20176
20168
20155
20147
20138