Showing papers on "Carbon steel published in 1970"

The use of young’s modulus for predicting the plastic-strain ratio of low-carbon steel sheets

Abstract: The variation in Young’s modulus,E, and plastic-strain ratio,R, with angle to the rolling direction, o, was measured for 35 samples of cold-rolled and annealed low carbon steel sheets. Functions ofE andR were fitted to an empirical expression and correlations were made from which it was possible to predict not only the average plastic-strain ratio, −R, but also the planar anisotropy, ΔR, and the dependence ofR on o Calculations were made of the orientation dependence ofE and the quantity R/(R + 1) for single crystals of α-Fe. Although these calculations show that the correlations made for polycrystalline samples are reasonable, they offer little guidance as to the probable limits of applicability of the correlations. The limiting drawing ratio (LDR) was determined_for 12 sheet samples by Swift-cup testing. For these limited results, the average modulus, −E, and the average strain ratio, −R, correlate equally well with the LDR. Use of E(o), to predict deep drawability and earing, should reduce the effort required to characterize the formability of. low-carbon steel sheets.

An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Strain-Rate and Temperature on the Flow Stress Properties of a Low Carbon Steel Using a Machining Test:

Abstract: Results obtained from machining and conventional slow-speed compression tests are used to calculate the constants σ1 and n in the empirical stress/strain equation σ = σ1***enover a range of strain-rates (10-3to 2·8 times 104/s) and temperatures (room temperature to 200°C) for a low carbon, free machining steel. The results are consistent with those obtained for a similar material using high-speed tension tests. Some results showing the influence of higher temperatures (up to 800°C) on the flow stress are also obtained from the machining tests by considering the flow along the tool-chip interface. These results show a dynamic strain-ageing effect similar to that found in high-speed tension and compression tests on similar materials.

The corrosion of metals in marine environments

Abstract: The ocean environment (Factors affecting the corrosivity of seawater, Forms of corrosion); Corrosion of metals in the marine environment (Carbon steel, Low-alloy steels, Stainless steels, Nickel and nickel-base alloys, Cobalt, Copper and copper-base alloys, Titanium and titanium-base alloys, Aluminum and aluminum-base alloys, Beryllium, Magnesium, Special-Purpose metals, Cathodic protection); Designations and compositions of selected copper and aluminum alloys.

Effect of flame and mechanical straightening on material properties of weldments

Abstract: : An experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of mechanical straightening and flame straightening on the properties of steels used in shipbuilding. The steels investigated during this program included an ordinary carbon steel (ABS-B), two low-alloy, high-strength steels (A441 and A537), and a quenched and tempered steel (A517, Grade A). The removal of distortion in unwelded and welded test plates was accomplished by (1) mechanical straightening at room temperature, 1000F, 1300F, and (2) flame straightening in the temperature ranges of 1100-1200F and 1300-1400F. Controlled amounts of distortion were provided in unwelded plate by mechanical bending; distortion in welded plates was provided by jigging the restraint control. Drop-weight tear tests were conducted to assess the effect of the straightening parameters on the notch-toughness behavior of the respective steels.

Low carbon,niobium and aluminum containing steel sheets and plates and process

Abstract: AN IMPROVED MILD CARBON STEEL WHICH EXHIBITS AN UNSUAL COMBINATION OF PROPERTIES INCLUDING SATISFACTORY HIGH YIELD STRENGTHS, GOOD TOUGHNESS AND WELDABILITY, AND SUPERIOR COLD FORMABILITY IN THE HOT ROLLED CONDITION. THE STEEL, WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY MICROSTRUCTURES WHICH ARE VIRTUALLY FREE OF ELONGATED SILICATE INCLUSIONS, HAS THE FOLLOWING COMPOSING BY WEIGHT: CARBON: 0.02 TO 0.08% MANGANESE: 0.25 TO 0.80% SILICON: 0.05% MAXIMUM NIOBIUM: 0.025 TO 0.010% PREFERABLY 0.025 TO 0.045% ALUMIMUM: 0.005 TO 0.025%, PREFERABLY 0.008 TO 0.018% IRON AND IMPURITIES, BALANCE.

Composite material and production thereof

Abstract: A composite material which has a substantially reduced incidence of defects after drawing, and a method of producing it. The composite material is comprised of at least one layer of plain carbon steel containing up to 1.5 percent of carbide former present in a carbide former-to-carbon ratio of form about 1.5 to about 25 and at least one layer of stainless steel. It is formed by pressure bonding carbon steel containing carbide former to stainless steel.

Hot worked steel method and product

Abstract: Hot worked medium carbon steel wire, strip or bar is given a high elastic limit, good workability, freedom from surface tensile stresses, good stress corrosion resistance and low creep, by heating the steel prior to hot working, to a temperature such that the temperature immediately after hot working is 350*-500* C., while simultaneously imposing tension on the heated steel in the range between 15 percent of the tensile strength and the elastic limit, for a period of time not more than 10 seconds. Preferably, the steel is tensioned between the hot working mechanism such as a hot drawing die and an immediately preceding cold deformation mechanism such as a cold drawing die, the heat being applied by electric resistance between contact points constituted by the dies.

Composite metal material and articles made therefrom

Abstract: A composite metal material displaying lower cost and improved strength and corrosion resistance is shown to comprise a layer of copper or brass material and a layer of aluminum material solid-phase metallurgically bonded to respective opposite sides of a layer of low carbon steel. The composite material is formed into an article such as a lamp bulb base or a door knob with the brass or copper layer of the composite material facing exteriorly of the article, the aluminum layer of the composite material then serving as a preferentially corrosive material which protects the low carbon steel layer of the composite material from corrosion.

Fea based durability using strain-life models for different medium carbon steel as fabrication mater

Abstract: There has been a strong trend towards the adoption of optimum materials and components in automotive industry. Automotive designers have a wide range of materials and processes to select from. Fatigue assessment of SAE1541_362_QT and SAE1045_390_QT steels for automotive component particularly for a lower suspension arm, have been numerically studied using finite element analysis under random loading conditions. Both Morrow and Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) strain-life models have been used for live estimation. These two models were often been used in the fatigue life assessment for metallic components. The results of this paper are based on analytical investigations, including detailed finite element strain analysis as well as fatigue and optimisation studies. Comparison of predicted lives indicates that the SWTbased estimation analysis method gave longer life than the Morrow estimation. In addition, steel for fabricate the lower suspension arm gave higher durability compared to SAE1541_362_QT steel. Such results provide further credit to the appropriately of using SWT as a prediction model, as well as, SAE1045_390_QT steel as a fabrication material of the automobile lower suspension arm.

A Method of Manufacturing Bimetallic Hack Saw Blade Blanks

Abstract: 1,192,932. Making saws. JAMES NEILL & CO. (SHEFFIELD) Ltd. 21 Feb., 1969 [24 Nov., 1967], No. 24119/67. Heading B3A. A method of making a bimetallic hack-saw blade blank comprises welding edge-to-edge a strip of high speed steel and a strip of carbon steel, the strip of high speed steel being at least four times the width required for the hard edge of the blade, shearing off the surplus width of high speed steel and welding it to another strip of carbon steel and repeating the shearing and welding until all the high speed steel has been used. When the width of high speed steel has been reduced to, say, 6 times the width of a hard edge a second strip of carbon steel may be welded to the other edge of the strip of high speed steel to hold it and/or prevent it bending during shearing. In an alternative embodiment both edges of the high speed steel strip have carbon steel strips welded to and then sheared from them until the width of high speed steel is reduced so as to require one carbon steel strip to be used as a support strip. The welding is preferably performed by the electron beam process, and the shearing by a guillotine, discs or by rollers.

Structural Change during the Fatigue Process of High Hardened Steel

Abstract: In order to obtain some knowledge about the fatigue mechanism of high hardness materials, fatigue tests and microscopic observations were carried out of four kinds of induction hardened steels. It was found that a structural change took place on these specimens surfaces during the fatigue process, which was quite different from the slip as observed in ductile materials and was essentially unknown. It was established that this structural change was closely related to crack formation and the fatigue fracture of an induction hardened low carbon steel took place as a consequence of the propagation and joining up of the micro cracks induced by the structural change. In this report the mechanism of fatigue crack formation associated with the structural change is discussed by assuming that the structural change may occur as a result of carbide precipitation on the prior austenitic grain boundary, although the reason why the structural change takes place is not clear.

The Effect of Heat Treatment and Decarburization on the Fretting Fatigue Behaviour of a 0·7 per Cent Carbon Steel

Abstract: Fretting fatigue produces a smaller lowering of the fatigue strength of a 0·7 per cent C steel when the surface is decarburized than when the steel is cold-worked. The rapid rate of abrasion of the decarburized surface results in large amounts of oxide debris which prevents metal-to-metal contact. The cold-worked steel has a low fretting fatigue strength because of its greater susceptibility to high strain fatigue.

The Effect Of TIN Film On Low-cycle FatigueBehavior Of Steel Coated By PVD Method

Abstract: Strain controlled low-cycle fatigue test was conducted in air, using the specimen of 0.37% carbon steel coated with TiN by PVD method. Increase in fatigue life of coated specimen was observed under the region of low strain amplitude,below A e t=0.35—0.40% as compared with that of uncoated specimen. On the other hand, fatigue life of coated specimen decreased at the region of high strain amplitude, for reasons of many cracks induced to initiate at the substrate by rupture of coating film.

Method for making a composite tube

Abstract: A strip of composite metal laminate material embodying a thin inner layer of stainless steel sandwiched between and metallurgically bonded to two relatively thicker outer layers of low carbon steel is subjected to a brief, high temperature heat treatment followed by a relatively much longer heat treatment at much lower temperature for substantially eliminating the yield point in the laminate and for maximizing formability of the laminate while permitting some reduction in the corrosion resistance properties of the stainless steel layer of the laminate. The composite strip material is then readily formed into two, concentrically disposed convolutions of the strip material while the laminate material is in this highly formable condition. The convolutions of the strip material are then brazed together to provide a double-walled tubing, the brazing procedure being regulated to effect selected heat treatment of the formed composite material for substantially restoring the corrosion resistance properties of the stainless steel layer of the laminate within the finished tubing.

Inhibition of corrosion in hot carbonate carbon dioxide removal units

Abstract: Corrosion of metals and alloys by alkali metal carbonate solutions is greatly reduced by adding to the solution at least about 15 percent by weight, and preferably about 2 to 5 percent by weight, of an alkali metal nitrite Carbon steel is among the alloys which can be protected Typical solutions are the hot carbonate solutions used to scrub carbon dioxide from gas mixtures

Laminated Pressure Vessel Having Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Abstract: 1,184,811. Hydrogen-resistant pressure vessel. MITSUBISHI TUKOGYO K.K. 14 Feb., 1967, No. 7120/67. Heading B1X. [Also in Division B3] In a laminated pressure vessel exposed interiorly or exteriorly to hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure and having a circumferential weld extending through the wall of the vessel to join the laminations, at least the area of the weld exposed to hydrogen is an austenitic steel containing 16-30% chromium or a ferritic steel containing 10-30% chromium. A pressure container has an inner layer 21 of 0.5% molybdenum steel. The inner laminations 22 are of the same steel and the outer laminations 23 are of carbon steel or 0.2% molybdenum steel. The weld consists of an inner deposit 24 of 13% chromium steel and an outer deposit 25 of carbon steel or 0.2% molybdenum steel. A vent 26 is prevents gas pressure developing between the laminations. In a modification, the deposit 25 and the laminations are of carbon steel and the inner deposit is of 18/8 stainless steel. Where the inner layer 21 is thick, the depth of the inner deposit 24 may be less than such thickness. The weld may be homogeneous. In a further modification, the inner layer 21 is of carbon steel clad with 18/8 stainless steel.

Corrosion-mechanical wear of equipment

Abstract: : The book gives an account of problems of the wear of constructional steel with friction in corrosive fluids and mainly in neutral salt solutions. The mechanism of mutual corrosion-mechanical wear of plain carbon steel and the effect of different factors on the intensity of this process are described. Results are given of laboratory and industrial experiments, which allow estimating the effectiveness of different means of decreasing the wear of steel articles with friction in solutions of neutral salts.

Prediction Of Current And Potential Distributions OnGalvanic Corrosion By Boundary Element Method

Abstract: Distributions of current density and potential have been analyzed on a carbon steel (SS400) - stainless steel (SUS304) couple. General and galvanic corrosion results were experimentally obtained in NaCl solution for different temperatures and immersion times. The experimentally determined polarization curves defined the nonlinear boundary conditions of the Laplace's equation and numerical results have been calculated using the boundary element method. The influence of the elementary spacing and thickness as well as the effect of insulating materials in the galvanic model have been analyzed.

Method of treating an alloy steel for enameling

Abstract: A METHOD OF TREATING A COLD ROLLED SHEET OF LOW CARBON STEEL CONTAINING TITANIUM IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE OF OBJECTIONABLE SHADOW LINES NORMALLY APPEARING ON THE SURFACE THEREOF AFTER APPLYING A SINGLE OR MULTIPLE COATING OF A VITREOUS ENAMEL WHICH COMPRISES HEAT TREATING THE COLD ROLLED SHEET IN A REDUCING NON-OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE GAS HAVING A CONCENTRATION BETWEEN ABOUT 0.50% AND 1.50% BY VOLUME AND WITH A CONTROLLED AMOUNT OF MOISTURE SO THAT THE TREATINGH ATMOSPHERE REMAINS NON-OXIDIZING TO THE STEEL AT HEAT TREATING TEMPERATURE. THE SHEET IS TREATED IN EITHER A CONTINUOUS NORMALIZING APPARATUS OR IN AN OPENCOIL ANNEALING APPARATUS. THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF CARBON MONOXIDE GAS CAN BE PROVIDED IN THE TREATING ATMOSPHERE AND THE TREATING ATMOSPHERE MAINTAINED NON-OXIDIZING TO THE STEEL BY PASSING AT LEAST A PORTION OF A REDUCING NONOXIDIZING TREATING ATMOSPHERE COMPRISED OF A MIXTURE OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF MOISTURE THROUGH A POROUS BED OF CHARCOAL DISPOSED WITHIN THE TREATING ZONE.

Wear Behaviour Of Laser Clad WC-Co Powder

Abstract: This paper shows laser cladding using WC-Co on low carbon steel and the microslructural characteristics of the resulting coating. It also analyses wear behaviour for different load and velocity conditions through a P-V diagram .