Showing papers on "Carbon steel published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used bioenergetics to explain why and when sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) became aggressive toward carbon steel and found that 90% and 99% carbon reductions increased weight loss significantly.
251 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to deposit graphene oxide (GO) onto carbon steel from a GO water suspension, and the GO coating was used as a barrier layer for the corrosion protection of carbon steel.
Abstract: In the present work, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to deposit graphene oxide (GO) onto carbon steel from a GO water suspension. The GO coating was used as a barrier layer for the corrosion protection of carbon steel. The suspension of GO was characterized by measuring the zeta potential of the solution using a dispersion optical analyzer. The morphology of the GO and the surface morphology of the EPD layers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy was performed to determine the effects of EPD on the electrochemical reduction of GO. GO was successfully synthesized using the modified Hummers method, and a GO layer was efficiently deposited onto mild steel using EPD. EPD and the partial reduction of the GO occurred simultaneously under the applied electrical fields. Moreover, the anti-corrosion performance of the GO–EPD layers was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the potentiodynamic polarization method, and a cyclic corrosion test (CCT). The applications of GO–EPD as an underlying layer improved the anti-corrosion performance of organic top-coated steel due to the superior barrier property of GO.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of chloride content on CO2 corrosion of carbon steel have been studied by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements combined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and analysis of polarization curves.
131 citations
01 Jul 2014-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of plain carbon steel and AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel dissimilar welds are carried out, and it is found that weld heat input can strongly affect grain growth phenomenon along with the amount and composition of carbides and intergranular martensite.
Abstract: In this work, examinations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of plain carbon steel and AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel dissimilar welds are carried out. Welding is conducted in both autogenous and using ER309L austenitic filler rod conditions through gas tungsten arc welding process. The results indicate that fully-ferritic and duplex ferritic–martensitic microstructures are formed for autogenous and filler-added welds, respectively. Carbide precipitation and formation of martensite at ferrite grain boundaries (intergranular martensite) as well as grain growth occur in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of AISI 430 steel. It is found that weld heat input can strongly affect grain growth phenomenon along with the amount and the composition of carbides and intergranular martensite. Acquired mechanical characteristics of weld in the case of using filler metal are significantly higher than those of autogenous one. Accordingly, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), hardness, and absorbed energy during tensile test of weld metal are increased from 662 MPa to 910 MPa, 140 Hv to 385 Hv, and 53.6 J m −3 to 79 J m −3 , respectively by filler metal addition. From fracture surfaces, predominantly ductile fracture is observed in the specimen welded with filler metal while mainly cleavage fracture occurs in the autogenous weld metal.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of duplex and austenitic stainless steels was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, heat-treatment processes to obtain carbide-free upper bainite, low bainitic ferrite, and low-temperature bainsite in the 34MnSiCrAlNiMo medium-carbon steel were explored.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the internal corrosion of mild steel in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) represents a significant challenge in oil production and natural gas treatment facilities, but the underlying mechanisms involved in H2S corrosion are still not fully understood.
Abstract: The internal corrosion of mild steel in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) represents a significant challenge in oil production and natural gas treatment facilities, but the underlying mechanisms involved in H2S corrosion are still not fully understood. This lack of knowledge makes the prediction, prevention, and/or control of aqueous H2S corrosion of mild steel much more difficult. In the present study, H2S corrosion mechanisms were experimentally investigated in short-term corrosion tests (lasting 1 h to 2 h), conducted in a 1 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at different pH (pH 2 to pH 5), at different temperatures (30°C to 80°C), under various H2S/N2 gaseous concentration ratios (0 to 10%[v]) and flow rates, using a X65 mild steel rotating cylinder electrode. Corrosion rates were measured by linear polarization resistance (LPR). Corrosion mechanisms were investigated by using potentiodynamic sweeps and by comparison with electrochemical modeling. LPR results showed that corrosion rates increase...
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microstructure and inclusions on corrosion of API-5L low carbon steel is examined in acetate buffer solutions (pH 6) containing chloride, and Voltammetric parameters are listed which correlate with corrosion rate under open circuit and can be used to predict both short and long-term corrosion behavior.
101 citations
06 May 2014-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: The work hardening behavior of retained austenite exhibited a three-stage process such that necking was delayed as mentioned in this paper, which was attributed to the multi-phase microstructure and TRIP effect.
Abstract: The contribution of multi-phase microstructure and retained austenite on mechanical properties of austempered and intercritical annealed Fe–0.23C–1.8Mn–1.35Si (wt%) steel was studied. The multi-phase microstructure comprised of intercritical ferrite (IF), bainite/martensite, and retained austenite. During austempering, the retained austenite was stabilized, which was studied using a combination of experimental (XRD, TEM) and thermodynamic analysis. The termination of bainitic transformation combined with carbon rejection into residual austenite during the second step austempering treatment is believed to be the underlying basis for stabilization of retained austenite. This led to significant increase in uniform and total elongation (25% and 36%, respectively) and the product of tensile strength and % elongation was 33 GPa%. The work hardening behavior of retained austenite exhibited a three-stage process such that necking was delayed. The increased work hardening rate is attributed to the multi-phase microstructure and TRIP effect.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a test program is introduced to investigate the behavior of RAC-filled stainless steel stub columns for comparison purposes, reference specimens with carbon steel tubes are also tested In the end, finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the current test results and those reported in the literature.
Abstract: Past research indicates that recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) could be successfully used in concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns Their yielded performance is almost as good as that of the traditional CFST columns In addition, as a comparatively new construction material, stainless steel can be used to replace carbon steel for enhancing the durability and ductility of CFST columns With an aim to combine the advantages of both RAC and stainless steel, RAC is proposed in this paper to be used as a filling material for stainless steel tubes A test program is introduced in this paper to investigate the behaviour of RAC-filled stainless steel stub columns For comparison purposes, reference specimens with carbon steel tubes are also tested In the end, finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the current test results and those reported in the literature
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the tribological properties of the plasma-sprayed Al2O3-40 wt% TiO2 composite were investigated with a tribometer (pin-on-disc) to evaluate and compare the wear properties of coated and uncoated samples under different loads.
TL;DR: In this paper, the corrosion monitoring of steel under an electrolyte film in wet-dry cycles simulating a coastal atmosphere was studied and the results indicated that within each cycle, the corrosion rate increases during drying process due to an increase in Cl − concentration and an enhancement of oxygen diffusion by thinning out of the electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultra-fine grained surface layer was formed on AISI 1017 mild steel by means of severe shot peening process, which was affirmed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM).
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the outer rust layers of carbon steel and weathering steel on the corrosion was investigated, and it was found that corrosion of steel slowed down when its outer rust layer was removed, which might be attributed to the shortening of the wetting time in wet-dry cycles.
TL;DR: In this article, microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) were used as selfhealing additives in the alkyd varnish coatings (AVCs), and their self-healing performance was evaluated in the case of artificial defects on Q235 steel surfaces, using scanning micro-reference electrode technique and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the transition from passivation to erosion-corrosion at the critical flow velocity (CFV) is investigated on 304 stainless steel and a Fe-based amorphous coating under impingement by sand-containing NaCl solution.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the microbial corrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in X80 steel under yield stress in a soil environment and found that the activities of SRB stimulate the generation of secondary pitting on the bottom of wide shallow pits and near micro-crack tips on the specimen with yield stress.
TL;DR: In this paper, the individual and simultaneous effects of stress and sulfate-reducing bacteria on corrosion of X80 steel were conducted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectrography.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the coupling of ZnO-Zn, Q235 carbon steel, and 304 stainless steel on their corrosion in 3.5% NaCl under white light illumination were discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of a few percents additives of polyaniline doped with phosphoric acid (PAni-PA) and ceria nanoparticle on corrosion protection of a new ultraviolet (UV)-cure polyester acrylate coating have been studied for coil coating on carbon steel by electrochemical measurements during exposure to a NaCl solution.
TL;DR: In this article, the corrosion behaviors of carbon steel C1010 in the presence of an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterial species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were examined.
TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of both the general and localised corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel in water-containing CO 2 environments representative of CO 2 transport in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applications is presented.
TL;DR: The initial corrosion behavior of carbon steel subjected to outdoor wet-dry cyclic exposure and exposure under natural environments have been investigated in this paper, where the morphology of corrosion surfaces and cross-section of rust layer have been examined using SEM and the compositions have been analyzed using XRD and EPMA.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) on carbon steel in 1-M hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
TL;DR: In this article, structural, low carbon steel, for pressure purposes, grade 20 - St.20 (GOST 1050-88) was investigated, and the results indicated the simultaneous action of the hydrogenenhanced decohesion (HEDE) and hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) mechanisms of HE, depending on the local concentration of hydrogen in investigated steel.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of multi-step low-temperature bainitic transformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium-carbon steel was investigated, and the results showed that the blocky micro-structure was almost eliminated due to the formation of higher volumes of nanoscale Bainitic-ferrite plates and film-like austenite, which led to a refinement in the average thickness of the bainite plates.
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages associated with the use of stainless steel in recent construction projects in view of sustainability are discussed, including the background of the new European standard EN 15804, which allows credits to be taken now for the eventual reuse or recycling of material in the future, at the end-of-life stage.
Abstract: Recent years have seen an increase in the use of stainless steel in buildings, mainly owing to its corrosion properties and therefore long service life. Among stainless steels, ferritic and lean duplex grades are characterized by low nickel content resulting in a more cost-stable and economic material compared to austenitic stainless steels. These grades have comparable (or even higher) strength than carbon steel and good corrosion resistance at lower cost. That is why, lately, they have been more often used in structural components. In this paper, attention is first paid to the advantages associated with the use of stainless steel in recent construction projects in view of sustainability. Second, life cycle analysis and the background of the new European standard EN 15804 are introduced, including module D, which allows credits to be taken now for the eventual reuse or recycling of material in the future, at the end-of-life stage. Life cycle inventories of stainless steel products (cold-rolled coils and quarto plate) are presented. Depending on the fraction of material recovered at the end of the lifespan, two potential impacts (Primary Energy Demand and Global Warming Potential) are presented for four grades: 1.4301 (AISI 304) and 1.4401 (AISI 316) austenitic grades, 1.4016 (AISI 430) ferritic grade and 1.4462 (AISI 2205) duplex grade. The influence of module D is underlined.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hexagonal arrangement of laser pulses with various pulse overlaps and pulse energies was used to generate high friction textures, which have applications in large engines to reduce the tightening forces required for a joint or to secure precision fittings easily.
TL;DR: In this paper, the inhibition properties of phytic acid (PA) on Q235 mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 was estimated using electrochemical techniques, and the mechanism of chemical adsorption was proposed on the basis of the trend of inhibition efficiency with temperature and calculated values of the activation energy (Ea).
Abstract: The inhibition properties of phytic acid (PA) on Q235 mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 was estimated using electrochemical techniques. Polarization results revealed PA to be a mixed-type inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4, with a more pronounced cathodic effect, while impedance results indicate adsorption of the PA species on the steel surface. The values of the synergistic factor with KI were higher than unity indicating that both additives act cooperatively to improve inhibition performance. The adsorption of PA followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of chemical adsorption is proposed on the basis of the trend of inhibition efficiency with temperature and the calculated values of the activation energy (Ea). Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed the formation of a protective film adsorbed on a mild steel surface. Quantum chemical calculations were used to confirm the ability of phytic acid to adsorb on a steel surface.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of natural occurring extract of Chenopodium Ambrosioides on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in sulfuric acid solution is studied by the weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.