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Carbon steel

About: Carbon steel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22395 publications have been published within this topic receiving 233330 citations. The topic is also known as: high-carbon steel.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three types of carbon steels with different carbon contents (IF steel, S12C, S35C) were friction stir welded under various welding conditions.
Abstract: In order to determine the effect of the carbon content and the transformation on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the FSW carbon steel joints, three types of carbon steels with different carbon contents (IF steel, S12C, S35C) were friction stir welded under various welding conditions. Compared with IF steel, the microstructures and mechanical properties of the carbon steel joints are significantly affected by the welding conditions. The strength of the S12C steel joints increases with the increasing welding speed (decreasing the heat input), while the strength of the S35C steel joints shows a peak near 200 mm/min. This can be explained by the relationship between the peak temperature and the A 1 and A 3 points. When friction stir welding is performed in the ferrite–austenite two-phase region, the microstructure is refined and the highest strength is then achieved.

362 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural response of stainless steel hollow sections is modeled using the Ramberg-Osgood model and a simple but accurate model is proposed for the prediction of enhanced strength corner properties.
Abstract: This article describes numerical modeling of the structural response of stainless steel hollow sections. The aim of the investigation was to develop a consistent approach to the modeling of stainless steel structures. The developed finite element models are more sophisticated than any other reported attempts to model stainless steel structural behavior, with general expressions defined for material stress-strain behavior, enhanced strength corner properties, initial geometric imperfection modes, and amplitudes (local and global), and residual stresses. The general expressions define a consistent means of describing the key input parameters. A compound (two-stage) Ramberg-Osgood model is developed to describe stainless steel material stress-strain behavior in tension and compression. For the prediction of enhanced strength corner properties, a simple, though accurate model is proposed. Characterization of local plate imperfection amplitudes is described whereby a model originally devised for hot-rolled carbon steel cross sections was recalibrated and applied to stainless steel cross sections. Numerical prediction of the key performance measures from tests is achieved with a high degree of accuracy: On average, ultimate load was predicted to within 3 percent and with a low standard deviation; deformation at ultimate load was within 6 percent, but exhibited a higher standard deviation; and the general form of the load-deformation response and the failure modes were similar.

346 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of stainless steel as a structural material has been extensively studied in the literature as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on the structural design of structural stainless steel structures and its application in conventional structures.
Abstract: The past 15 years have seen the introduction or major revision of structural stainless steel design codes throughout the world, and at the same time, interest in the use of stainless steel in construction has been accelerating. Historically the high initial material cost of stainless steel has limited its use primarily to specialist and prestige applications. However, the emergence of design codes, a better awareness of the additional benefits of stainless steel and a transition towards sustainability are bringing more widespread use into conventional structures. Although a number of similarities between stainless steel and ordinary carbon steel exist, there is sufficient diversity in their physical properties to require separate treatment in structural design. In addition to the straightforward differences in basic material properties (such as Young's modulus and yield strength), further fundamental differences exist, such as the nature of the stress–strain curve and the material's response to cold-work and elevated temperatures; these have implications at ultimate, serviceability and fire limit states. This paper describes the use of stainless steel as a structural material, discusses current structural design provisions, reviews recent research activities and highlights the important findings and developments.

336 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 3,5-bis(2-thienylmethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2-TMAT) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization techniques.

326 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) of steel has been investigated and it has been shown that the mechanical properties of FSW of 12% chromium alloy and low carbon steel joints compare favorably with the properties of the parent metal.
Abstract: The feasibility of friction stir welding (FSW) of steel is demonstrated. Tensile and bend testing have confirmed that the mechanical properties of friction stir welded 12% chromium alloy and low carbon steel joints compare favourably with the properties of the parent metal. Some initial feasibility studies of FSW of both 12% chromium alloy and low carbon steel are described. Although more development work is needed, particularly to improve tool materials, the prognosis for continued developments in FSW of steel is shown to be good.

320 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023436
2022944
2021872
20201,071
20191,157
20181,048