Showing papers on "Carboxylic acid published in 1974"

Unsaturated carboxylic acid-long chain alkyl ester copolymers and tri-polymers water thickening agents and emulsifiers

Abstract: Copolymers of a carboxylic acid monomer and one or more higher, that is 10 to 30 carbon atoms, alkyl acrylate esters surprisingly serve as efficient thickeners of aqueous solutions, even in the presence of substantial amounts of inorganic salts such as sodium chloride.

A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Ketones by the Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Abstract: It was found that ketones were prepared in excellent yields by the reaction of Grignard reagents with S-(2-pyridyl) thioates and their analogues or with 2-pyridyl esters. The mechanism of this reac...

Pressure sensitive adhesive containing polymerized alkoxyalkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid

Abstract: The pressure sensitive adhesive of this invention has improved shear resistance while still having good tackiness and stability in a humid atmosphere, it is prepared by solution polymerization, or by other methods, and has carboxylic acid groups therein, an alkoxyalkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an hydroxyalkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid having at least one hydroxyl functionality and, in many cases, an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate A crosslinker may be used, and the adhesive cured by heat, without destroying the proper relationship of tack and shear resistance

Syntheses of amino acids from aliphatic carboxylic acid by glow discharge electrolysis.

Abstract: GLOW discharge electrolysis (GDE)1,2 has been studied mainly on inorganic compounds such as water, ammonia, and metal ions in aqueous solutions. Little study has been done, however, on the chemistry of GDE using organic compounds3–7 although experimental results indicate that the application of GDE to organic compounds is a promising area in chemistry and is especially interesting in connection with the concept of chemical evolution.

Process for the preparation of carboxylic acid esters from organic halides

Abstract: Carboxylic acid esters or amides are obtained from aryl, heterocyclic, vinylic, ethynylic, and benzylic halides and substituted derivates thereof, by reacting same with an alcohol or primary or secondary amine and carbon monoxide, in the presence of a palladium catalyst and if necessary a tertiary amine at about 20°-150° C and from about a half to about 100 atmospheres pressure. A typical example is the conversion of bromobenzene into n-butyl benzoate at 100° C and one atmosphere of carbon monoxide in the presence of tri-n-butyl-amine and a catalytic amount of PdBr2 [P(C6 H5)3 ]2.

Emulsions of isocyanates and their manufacture

Abstract: Aqueous emulsions comprising organic isocyanates, water and non-ionic surface active agents devoid of hydroxy, amino and carboxylic acid groups and the use of such emulsions for surface coatings. Use of aqueous emulsions of mixed methylene bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanates as bonding agents for the reconstitution of foam scrap.

Aluminum-zirconium anti-perspirant systems with hydroxy carboxylic compounds

Abstract: Anti-perspirant complexes are provided which comprise a combination of a basic aluminum compound, a zirconium compound and a hydroxy carboxylic compound which may be a non-toxic salt of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a non-toxic salt of an aluminum chelate of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a codried mixture of aluminum hydroxide with a non-toxic salt of an aluminum chelate of a hydroxy carboxylic acid, or mixtures thereof. The various components are present in the complex in amounts such that the Al/Zr mol ratio is about 10:1 to 1:10 and the pH of an aqueous solution containing 5 to 15 weight percent of the complex (based on the oxides of aluminum and zirconium) is at least about 3. The complexes may be used in conventional anti-perspirant forms, including aqueous solutions, aerosol sprays (including powder-in-oil aerosol sprays), as well as creams, lotions and cream sticks.

Substrate specificity of an α-amino acid ester hydrolase produced by Acetobacter turbidans A.T.C.C. 9325

Abstract: A partially purified preparation of an α-amino acid ester hydrolase was obtained from Acetobacter turbidans A.T.C.C. 9325, which catalyses synthesis of 7-(d-α-amino-α-phenylacetamido)-3-cephem-3-methyl-4- carboxylic acid (cephalexin) from methyl d-α-aminophenylacetate and 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. The enzyme preparation catalysed both cephalosprin synthesis from 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid and suitable amino acid esters (e.g. methyl d-α-aminophenylacetate, l-cysteine methyl ester, glycine ethyl ester, d-alanine methyl ester, methyl dl-α-aminoiso-butyrate, l-serine methyl ester, d-leucine methyl ester, l-methionine methyl ester) and the hydrolysis of such esters. The substrate specificity of the enzyme preparation for the hydrolysis closely paralleled the acyl-donor specificity for cephalosporin synthesis, even to the reaction rates. Only α-amino acid derivatives could act as acyl donors. The hydrogen atom on the α-carbon atom was not always required by acyl donors. The hydrolysis rate was markedly diminished by adding 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid to reaction mixtures, but no effect on the total reaction rate (the hydrolysis rate plus synthesis rate) was observed with various concentrations of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. Both the hydrolytic and the synthetic activities of the enzyme preparation were inhibited by high concentrations of some acyl donors (e.g. methyl d-α-aminophenylacetate, ethyl d-α-aminophenylacetate). The enzyme preparation hydrolysed α-amino acid esters much more easily than α-amino acid derivatives with an acid–amide bond.

Isolation of oligomers of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid from the eye of the catfish

Abstract: The reflecting material of the tapetum lucidum of the sea catfish (Arius felis) was chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 in methanol–dimethyl sulphoxide–formic acid. Two components were present: one, showing an absorption maximum at 330nm, was tapetal pigment; the other, at 257nm, was an associated nucleoside. The tapetal pigment was extracted in methanol–HCl and isolated by adsorption chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. It yielded a methoxy methyl ester on treatment with diazomethane, and permanganate oxidation gave pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid. From the information provided by u.v. and i.r. spectra of the pigment and its methoxy methyl ester, from elemental analyses and from the oxidation products, we suggest that the tapetal pigment is derived from oxidative coupling of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. A molecular-weight determination and chromatography of the methoxy methyl ester indicate that the pigment is a mixture of oligomers, among which the tetramers probably predominate. We consider that the monomers are joined mainly by C-C linkages at positions 4 and 7. A synthetic pigment having spectral properties nearly identical with those of the natural pigment was prepared by enzymic oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid with mushroom tyrosinase. The identity of the tapetal pigment with the synthetic pigment was further confirmed by comparing u.v. and i.r. spectra of their methoxy methyl esters. Formation of the tapetal pigment from tyrosine and relationships of the tapetal pigment to melanin are discussed.

Esters and amides of 4,5-dihydrobenz[g]indazole-3-carboxylic acids and related compounds

Abstract: Aminoalkyl esters and amides of 4,5-dihydrobenz[g]indazole-3-carboxylic acids and related compounds are described herein. They are useful as anti-ulcer agents, anti-arrhythmic agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-protozoal agents, anthelmintics, anti-fungal agents, anti-algal agents and anti-inflammatory agents. The compounds are prepared from the appropriate carboxylic acid, alkyl ester, or acid chloride.

[New beta-lactam antibiotics. Derivatives of 3-hydroxy-7-amino-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid]

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-ceph-3-em-esters 5 a–c, versatile intermediates for the preparation of new β-lactam antibiotics, were obtained by ozonolysis of the corresponding 3-methylidene-esters 3 a–c. Reduction and elimination gave the 3-unsubstituted ester 13; derivatives 16 a–c and 20–22 resulted from O-alkylation. The 3-methoxy-esters 16 a–c were converted into the corresponding acids 23 a–d. Several other transformations of the β-ketoester system are described.

Bis-stilbene compounds

Abstract: The present invention provides the new bis-stilbene compounds, which are useful as optical brighteners and correspond to the formula R.sub.1 -- CH = CH -- X -- CH = CH -- R.sub.2 in which X represents a diphenyl residue bound in positions 4 and 4' to the =CH-- groups; R 1 and R 2 independently of each other, each represents a monocyclic benzene residue, a diphenyl, naphthyl or pyridyl residue, and in which at least one of the cyclic systems R 1 , R 2 , X contains a possibly functionally modified sulphonic acid group, a sulphone group, a possibly functionally modified carboxylic acid group, a nitrile, hydroxyl, mercapto or methyl group.

Salts of tetrahydrofuran polycarboxylic acids as detergent builders and complexing agents

Abstract: Salts of tetrahydrofuran polycarboxylic acids represented by the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen or carboxylic acid groups, at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 being a carboxylic acid group when R5 is a carboxylic acid group are useful as complexing agents and/or detergency builders. The ester forms of such compounds, as well as the acids are useful as intermediates for production of the salts.

Carboxylic acid storage stabilizers for latent catalyst cured epoxy resins

Abstract: A resinous composition, suitable for insulating electrical members, is made from a mixture containing about 100 parts of an epoxy resin, about 55 to 165 parts of an acid anhydride, an effective amount of a latent catalyst and about 1 to 20 parts of a carboxylic acid stabilizer selected from the group of acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, caproic, heptanoic and hexanoic acids.

Liquid crystalline dielectrics for electronic components - contg biphenylyl carboxylic acid phenyl ester or benzoic acid biphenylyl ester components

Abstract: Novel biphenylyl carboxylic acid phenyl esters and benzoic acid biphenylyl esters of formula (I) (where X is -COO- or -O-CO- and R1 and R2 are 1-8C alkyl or alkoxy in unbranched chain) are used as components of liq. crystalline dielectrics in electronic components, e.g. electro-optical display matls. Addn. of (I) to other liq. crystalline matls. causes lowering of m. pt. and increase in clarifying point without high rise in viscosity.

Compounds with multiple acrylic radicals, compositions containing them, and uses thereof

Abstract: Compounds with multiple acrylic radicals, the average composition of which has the general formula: X--y--(z)m --p --1 ]n Wherein X is the radical derived by removing the OH groups from the carboxyl groups of an organic carboxylic acid containing n COOH groups and the number of carbon atoms of which is between 14 and 90, Y is the radical derived by removing m-p hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups of an organic compound containing m OH groups, Z is the monovalent radical derived by removing the OH group from the carboxyl group of a monocarboxylic acid having at least one terminal CH2 =CH--COO-- radical, n is a whole number from 1 to 6, m is a whole number from 2 to 8, and p is a number of from 0 to 2.5 With the proviso that m-p-1 is a positive number different from zero and that n(m-p-1) is between 2 and 15, processes for the preparation thereof, polymers obtained by polymerization thereof and compositions of matter, in particular UV inks or varnishes, comprising said compounds.

Infra-red spectra and dipole moments of hydrogen-bonded complexes. Part 5.—Proton transfer in carboxylic acid–pyridine complexes

Abstract: Dipole moments and hydrogen bond polarities of 16 complexes of carboxylic acids with pyridine and 8 of chloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid with pyridine and its derivatives in benzene solutions have been determined. Proton-transfer in these systems is discussed and good agreement with spectroscopic data of other authors is obtained.

Acid interchange polymerization process for producing an aromatic polyester

Abstract: An improved acid interchange polymerization process for the formation of an aromatic polyester is provided. Ester and carboxylic acid functional groups are reacted in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst consisting of a mixture of a transition metal salt of a strong inorganic acid and a transition metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid containing up to about 4 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment of the process the reactants are at least one aromatic diester and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Alternatively, the ester and carboxylic acid functional groups required for the acid interchange reaction may be provided upon the same molecule. Halogen or other substituent groups which do not interfere with the acid interchange reaction optionally may be present upon the aromatic rings.

Modified lithium soap grease

Abstract: A grease composition that combines good water resistance, good mechanical stability and high oil retention with excellent oxidation stability and high dropping point is prepared by the use of a novel thickener system whose essential components include a combination of dilithium salt of a C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid, e.g. dilithium azelate; a lithium soap of a 9-, 10-, or 12hydroxy C12 to C24 fatty acid, e.g. lithium 12-hydroxy-stearate; and a lithium salt formed in situ in the grease from a second hydroxy carboxylic acid wherein the OH group is attached to a carbon atom not more than 6 carbon atoms removed from the carboxyl group, and wherein either of those groups may be attached to either aliphatic or aromatic portions of a molecule. If desired, sufficient lithium hydroxide can be added to form the dilithium salt of the latter acid through reaction of its hydroxyl group.

Sulfide containing tin stabilizers

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride resin stabilizer is provided having a high concentration of tin, in the range from about 10% to about 42% by weight, and a high concentration of sulfur, within the range from about 8% to about 42% sulfur, comprising at least one monoorganotin or diorganotin mercapto alkanol carboxylic ester (or mercapto alkyl carboxylate), mono or poly sulfide and preferably mixed monoorganotin and diorganotin mercaptoalkyl carboxylic acid ester sulfides, especially having 4 to 50% of the diorganotin compound. Polyvinyl chloride resin compositions are also provided, containing these compounds.

Process for preparing ionically crosslinked copolymers

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE Process for ionically crosslinking first copolymers formed by copolymerizing at least one alpha-olefin of the general formula RCH=CH2 wherein R is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups and 3 to 8 carbon atoms, the alpha-olefin content of the first copolymer comprising at least 50 mole percent of the first copolymer, the alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated acid content of said first co-polymer comprising 02 to 25 mole percent of the first co-polymer which comprises mixing the first copolymer with a cation-supplying blend of 20 to 80 percent by weight of substantially water-insoluble zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide and/or zinc carbonate, 0 to 10 percent by weight of a lubri-cant and a complemental amount of a second copolymer with a melt index of 50 to 2000 g/10 min formed as the first copolymer, at a pressure of 100 to 10,000 psi, at a temp-erature above the melting point of both the first and second copolymers and between 100°C and 330°C, with the amount of the cation-supplying blend present being that amount which has sufficient cations to neutralize at least 10 percent of the carboxylic acid groups in the first and second copolymers and neutralizing at least 10 percent of the carboxylic acid groups in the first and second copolymers, characterized in that there is present during the crosslinking reaction, 05 to 20 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the cation-supplying blend, of at least one zinc salt of a volatile organic acid The resultant ionically crosslinked copolymers are useful in film molding and foam for insulation

Preparation of gel for affinity chromatography

Abstract: Improved functionalized agarose beads are provided which find use in affinity chromatography. The agarose beads are first cross-linked with a polyfunctional compound under mild conditions, followed by reacting with a haloalkylcarboxy compound or, alternatively, a haloalkylamine compound followed by amide formation with a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, to provide a final product having an ether linkage and a carboxy functionality for linking to other compounds.

Method for the preparation of esters of polyalcohols

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylic acid esters of linear aliphatic polyalcohols or of hydrophilic derivatives of these polyalcohols containing a minimal percentage of anhydrocompounds, the process comprising esterifying an aliphatic fatty acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms with a polyalcohol or a glycoside thereof in the presence of a fatty acid soap, at a temperature between 100° and 190°C while simultaneously eliminating water formed during the reaction. The polyalcohol is a linear aliphatic polyalcohol of the formula C n H n +2 (OH) n wherein n is at least 4. Optionally the obtained esters can be further converted. Products are obtained which are useful, for example, as emulsifying agents and baking additives.

Sodium hypochlorite as a selective oxidant for organic compounds

Abstract: A study of the reactions of sodium hypochlorite with a wide variety of compounds has been carried out. The data indicate that a structure capable of producing a carbanion stable enough to undergo halogenation is oxidized by sodium hypochlorite to a ketone or a carboxylic acid. How far the oxidation will proceed is determined by enolateion resonance stabilization and by inductive and steric effects of the activating group (e.g.CO, –NO2, –CN, or –CO2H). Unactivated aromatic, hydroaromatic, alicyclic, and alkane systems are not oxidized. Heteroaromatic ring systems capable of undergoing azomethine-type addition can readily be cleaved, whereas benzenoid ring systems undergo no change. Oxidation of an activated alicyclic compound containing a tertiary sp3 carbon system may result in loss of one, two, or three carbon atoms as CO2 or CHCl3via 1,3- and 1,4-halogenation steps. Based on this investigation, a new methodology of oxidation has been developed for structural elucidation of complex materials such as coal.

Catalysis of the oxirane-anhydride reaction

Abstract: This patent describes a method of catalyzing the reaction of organic polybasic acid anhydrides with at least one oxirane which comprises carrying out the reacton in the presence of an effective catalytic amount of a synergistic catalyst mixture comprising an active chromium III tricarboxylate salt haing unoccupied coordination sites and any compound capable of polarizing the carboxlyic acid anhydride to yield a reactive carboxylic acid moiety. Preferred compounds as the cocatalyst member include one or more members selected from the group consisting of the alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and alkaryl tri-substituted compounds of the following types: quaternary ammonium hydroxides; quarternary phosphonium halides; arsines; amine oxides; sulfoxides; tertiary aminophenols; trihydrocarbon phosphine oxides; trihydrocarbon phosphines; tertiary amines, and combinations thereof, each alone or in combination with a phenol or other reactive promoter such as, carboxylic acids and alcohols; and compounds containing two or more co-catalytic functional groups in the same molecule such as alkyl phosphoramides, alone or in combination with any and all of (1) any of the members, (2) phenols or other reactive promoters. Also the invention pertains to a novel class of mixed catalysts which act synergistically for promoting the reaction of oxirane oxygen groups with curing (crosslinking) or chain extensions. agents.