Carnosic acid

About: Carnosic acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 837 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29817 citations. The topic is also known as: Salvin & (4aR,10aS)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of rosemary extracts linked to their polyphenol composition

Abstract: Rosmarinus officinalis extracts were investigated by a combination of bioassays and biochemical analysis to identify bioactive compounds. The 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydracyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging method, Folin-Ciocaulteau method and HPLC chromatography were used to study the distribution and levels of antioxidants (AOXs). Antimicrobial activity analysis was carried out using the disk diffusion and broth dilution techniques. A good correlation between the AOX activities and total phenol content in the extracts was found. Although all rosemary extracts showed a high radical scavenging activity, a different efficacy as antimicrobial agent was observed. Methanol extract containing 30% of carnosic acid, 16% of carnosol and 5% of rosmarinic acid was the most effective antimicrobial against Gram positive bacteria (minimal inhibition concentration, MIC, between 2 and 15 mug/ml), Gram negative bacteria (MIC between 2 and 60 mug/ml) and yeast (MIC of 4 mug/ml). By contrast, water extract containing only 15% of rosmarinic acid showed a narrow activity. MIC value of the methanol and water extracts is in a good correlation with the values obtained with pure carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, respectively. Therefore, our results suggested that the antimicrobial rosemary extracts efficacy was associated with their specific phenolic composition. Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid may be the main bioactive antimicrobial compounds present in rosemary extracts. From a practical point of view, rosemary extract may be a good candidate for functional foods as well as for pharmaceutical plant-based products.

Antioxidant activity of a rosemary extract and its constituents, carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid, in bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsion

Abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of a commercial rosemary extract and the active constituents carnosol, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid, in inhibiting the formation and decomposition of hydroperoxides in tocopherol-stripped corn oil and in the corresponding corn oil-in-water emulsions. In bulk corn oil, the rosemary extract, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and α-tocopherol were significantly more active than carnosol. In contrast, in corn oil-in-water emulsion, the rosemary compounds were less active than in bulk oil, and the rosemary extract, carnosic acid, carnosol, and α-tocopherol were more active than rosmarinic acid. Similar results were obtained in corn oil-in-water phosphate buffer emulsion at pH 5, but α-tocopherol was less active. Carnosol and carnosic acid were much more active antioxidants in corn oil-in-water emulsions buffered at pH 4 and 5 than at pH 7. The decreased antioxidant activity of the polar hydrophilic rosemary compounds in the emulsion system may be ...

Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary

Abstract: Eight sage (Salvia officinalis) and twenty-four rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extracts, originating from pilot-plant or commercial sources, had different antioxidative activities as measured by accelerated autoxidation of methyl linoleate. Twenty-seven compounds were characterized in the Labiatae family extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry, equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface, and by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array spectrophotometer. Twenty-two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, carnosol derivatives, and flavonoids. The extracts showed great variation in their HPLC profiles, and no correlation was apparent between their antioxidative efficiency and their composition, in twenty specific phenols. Data indicated that the most effective compounds were carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid, followed by caffeic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, genkwanin, and cirsimaritin.

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid

Abstract: 1. Carnosol and carnosic acid have been suggested to account for over 90% of the antioxidant properties of rosemary extract.2. Purified carnosol and carnosic acid are powerful inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in microsomal and liposomal systems, more effective than propyl gallate.3. Carnosol and carnosic acid are good scavengers of peroxyl radicals (CCl3O2) generated by pulse radiolysis, with calculated rate constants of 1–3 × 106M-1 S-1 and 2.7 × 107M-1 S-1 respectively.4. Carnosic acid reacted with HOCl in such a way as to protect the protein α1-antiproteinase against inactivation.5. Both carnosol and carnosic acid stimulated DNA damage in the bleomycin assay but they scavenged hydroxyl radicals in the deoxyribose assay. The calculated rate constants for reaction with ·OH in the deoxyribose system for carnosol and carnosic acid were 8.7 × 1010M-1 and 5.9 × 1010M-1 S-1 respectively.6. Carnosic acid appears to scavenge H2O2, but it could also act as a substrate for the peroxidase system.7. Carnosic acid a...