Showing papers on "Caste published in 1980"
TL;DR: In the late nineteenth century, an important new process of forging group identities which transcended these local attributions came to characterize South Asian social history as mentioned in this paper, in part prompted by the efforts of an alien British administration to identify the constituent units in Indian society.
Abstract: Always have Indians identified themselves by their caste, by theirancestral village: “Our family were Khatris from the West Punjabcountryside.” “Murud, at one time a fairly prosperous village, is mynative place.” In the late nineteenth century, however, an important new process of forging group identities which transcended these local attributions came to characterize South Asian social history. This was in part prompted by the efforts of an alien British administration to identify the constituent units in Indian society. Drawing on European historical experience, the administrators applied the collective labels "Hindu" and "Muslim" to groups who were far from homogeneous communities.
90 citations
TL;DR: Wasps (Vespinae) laying eggs of both sexes and other subfamilies: a review of the wasps of Europe, North America and South America.
Abstract: (3) Wasps (Vespinae) . . . . IV. The honey-bee . . . . . v. Ants . . . . . . . (I) Myrmeciinae and Ponerinae . . (2) Formicinae . . . . . (3) Myrmicinae . . . . . (4) Other subfamilies . . . . ( 5 ) Queens laying eggs of both sexes . VI. Discussion . . . . . . VII. Summary . . . . . . VIII. Acknowledgements . . . . IX. References . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 9 . . . . . . 3 8 0 . . . . . . 3 8 4 . . . . . . 3 8 4 . . . . . . 3 8 6 . . . . . . 3 8 9
59 citations
TL;DR: It was found that, in each group, higher socio-economic classes had higher rates of mental morbidity, and in the tribal groups some neurotic disorders were absent.
Abstract: The authors made a field-survey of mental morbidity in all the tribal and caste groups residing in a cluster of villages in West Bengal, India, and found that, in each group, higher socio-economic classes had higher rates of mental morbidity. Different groups having a similar cultural pattern showed no significant difference in their rates of morbidity. Groups having different cultural patterns differed significantly in their rates of morbidity. In the tribal groups some neurotic disorders were absent.
37 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The authors examines the nature of caste and its relation to Hinduism and questions in what sense it is possible to speak of Christianity as an egalitarian faith and traces the development of ideas on caste among Christian missionaries, examining the relationship between these views and the Revolt of 1857.
Abstract: This work, first published in 1980, breaks new ground as concerns caste in India. It first examines the nature of caste and its relation to Hinduism and questions in what sense it is possible to speak of Christianity as an egalitarian faith. It then considers some Hindu egalitarian movements and traces the development of ideas on caste among Christian missionaries, examining the relationship between these views and the Revolt of 1857. Close attention is given to changing attitudes on caste, both by missionaries and by Indian Christians, while the influence of nationalism on Christian attitudes to caste and other social questions is further examined. Finally, there is a review of the contemporary state of the question and of the specifically Christian contribution to modern views on caste.
30 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1980TL;DR: In this article, an Argument for Eclecticism Intimations of Caste Divine Plan or Racial Antipathy? The 'Occupation' Hypothesis & Some Other Dubious Proposals The Units of the Caste System The Economy of Cro Cro Cro Caste From Clan to Caste The Emergence of the Cro CroCaste System in South Asia
Abstract: Preface Introduction, 1993 An Argument for Eclecticism Intimations of Caste Divine Plan or Racial Antipathy? The 'Occupation' Hypothesis & Some Other Dubious Proposals The Units of the Caste System The Economy of Caste From Clan to Caste The Emergence of the Caste System in South Asia Conclusions & Final Thoughts Bibliography Index.
28 citations
Journal Article•
27 citations
TL;DR: From Varna to Jati: The Indian caste system, from the Asiatic to the feudal mode of production as discussed by the authors, is a well-known example of such a system.
Abstract: (1980). From Varna to Jati: The Indian caste system, from the Asiatic to the feudal mode of production. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 249-271.
20 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the mind of many observers, the disruption and its immediate cause, the Karpoori Thakur ministry's reservation policy, are indicative of a sea-change in the structure of Bihar's political economy: the 'Forwards' or 'twice-born' caste groups that had been dominant in Bihar since independence and before are being replaced by the 'Backward' castes as the dominant stratum in the state.
Abstract: Rising Kulaks and Backward Classes in Bihar Social Change in the Late 1970s Harry W Blair The Janata period in Bihar has been plagued with instability and violence in the state's political life, its universities and its bureaucracy. In the minds of many observers, the disruption and its immediate cause, the Karpoori Thakur ministry's reservation policy, are indicative of a sea-change in the structure of Bihar's political economy: the 'Forwards' or 'twice-born' caste groups that had been dominant in Bihar since independence and before are being replaced by the 'Backward' castes as the dominant stratum in the state.
18 citations
TL;DR: Ahmad as discussed by the authors identified a set of fundamental empirical properties of Hindu caste systems, and sought to ascertain the extent to which these can be found outside the Hindu context, and followed Hutton and Ghurye in selecting a minimal set of primary characteristics which together constitute the real essence of caste among the Hindus.
Abstract: In the penultimate chapter of Homo hierarchicus Dumont (1970) raises the question of whether there are castes among non-Hindus in India.’ A number of authors have since addressed themselves to the question and it is possible to discern three distinct, although by no means mutually exclusive approaches in the literature. One identifies a set of fundamental empirical properties of Hindu caste systems, and seeks to ascertain the extent to which these can be found outside the Hindu context. Thus, Ahmad, introducing an important collection of papers on Indian Muslims, follows Hutton and Ghurye in selecting a ’minimal set of primary characteristics’ which together constitute ’the real essence of caste among the Hindus’, viz. endogamy, occupational specialisation, hierarchical ordering of groups, and
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the social, political and economic relationships of Senufo artisan groups and the farmers amongst whom they live indicates that the characteristics commonly associated with caste systems are often manipulated by the allegedly lower status castes to their benefit, rather than by the majority group of farmers.
Abstract: The term ‘caste’ has often been applied to Senufo artisan groups. However, an analysis of the social, political and economic relationships of these groups and the farmers amongst whom they live indicates that the characteristics commonly associated with caste systems are often manipulated by the allegedly lower status castes to their benefit, rather than by the majority group of farmers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discussed the ways in which caste has shaped agrarian relations in the traditional feudal society and the implications of this for basic divisions among rural products, and argued that there are at least two major types : the anti-zamindari struggles of the middle-caste cultivating peasants (kisans), and the struggle s of the dalit labourers (mazdur) for wages, freedom from bondage and land.
Abstract: This paper will discuss first the ways in which caste has shaped agrarian relations in the traditional feudal society and the implications of this for basic divisions among rural products. Then agrarian struggles will be briefly analysed; it will be argued that there are at least two major types : the anti-zamindari struggles of the middle -caste cultivating peasants (kisans), and the struggle s of the dalit labourers (mazdur) for wages, freedom from bondage and land. The latter, though neglected in socio-historical analysis and subordinate in the pre-independence period to anti-zamindari struggles, have become the main form of rural class conflicts today. Finally, the implications of these different struggles and of more recent changes in agrarian structure for the slogan of "land to the tiller" will be discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look briefly at caste in Khalapur village in western Uttar Pradesh, in northern India, to see what caste relationships mean to the native peoples, and draw on conversations with three RZjput elders, a BZniyZ shopkeeper, and two Untouchable ChamZrs.
Abstract: Edward Norbeck criticized Max Gluckman's interpretation of certain rituals involving the reversal of sex roles among peoples of southeastern Africa. He pointed out that in Gluckman's treatment, \"We are rarely told what they (the rites) mean to the native peoples\" (Norbeck 1963:1260). \"Although Gluckman seems well aware of the importance of these data, his interpretation of rituals of rebellion proceeds without regard to native attitudes toward the ceremonies\" (Norbeck 1963:1271). In this paper, I would like to look briefly at caste in Khalapur village in western Uttar Pradesh, in northern India, to see what caste relationships \"mean to the native peoples.\" The data I shall draw upon were collected between 1954 and 1956, when I did field work in this huge (about 5,000 population) RZjput-dominated village, as part of a Cornell University inter-disciplinary team. Particularly, I draw on conversations with three RZjput elders, a BZniyZ shopkeeper, and two Untouchable ChamZrs. I look back at the villagers' statements through Dumontian glasses-influenced by the views of Louis Dumont, whose book Homo Hierarchicus (1970) represents a recent major contribution to the understanding of the Hindu caste system. Dumont's portrayal of the Hindu caste system is sometimes characterized as one seen from a Brahmannical perspective (Berreman 1971a, 1971b). His emphasis upon the centrality of a religious hierarchy with the Brahman priest at the apex, a ritual representative of all before the gods, who thus must be kept pure in his person; upon the social precedence, therefore, of the Brahman's religious duty over the Ruler's pursuit of wealth and power; upon the ranking and closure of caste social units by principles of purity-impurity; yet upon the interdependence of caste specialties, because the low must do impure work,
TL;DR: In this article, the role of femmes in Chettris du Nepal has been investigated in relation with parente, mariage, and caste in relation to parent, spouse, and child.
Abstract: Interrelation des regles de parente, de mariage et de caste dans la caste Chettris du Nepal. Les echanges matrimoniaux, l'ideal d'hypergamie poussent a rechercher des "preneurs de femme" les plus prestigieux et des "donneurs de femme" les plus riches| role des femmes en tant que symboles de la purete d'un lignage.
TL;DR: This paper argued that the concept of caste is not simply a form of social stratification, but a way of looking at society as a whole, and argued persuasively that the Western mind sees...
Abstract: Louis Dumont has argued persuasively that the concept of caste is not simply a form of social stratification, but a way of looking at society as a whole. Dumont argues that the “Western mind” sees ...
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between rural migration and urbanization and fertility in India based on two household surveys and examined socio-economic and demographic aspects influencing fertility and population growth such as income, education, woman worker labour force participation, land ownership, family status, caste, mortality, age at marriage, family planning, migrant status, etc.
Abstract: ILO pub-wep pub. Working paper examining the relationship between rural migration and urbanization and fertility in India - based on two household surveys, examines socio-economic and demographic aspects influencing fertility and population growth such as income, education, woman worker labour force participation, land ownership, family status, caste, mortality, age at marriage, family planning, migrant status, etc. And considers theoretical aspects. References and statistical tables.
TL;DR: Gerald D. Berreman as mentioned in this paper, Caste and Other Inequities: Essays on Inequality. Meerut, India, Folklore Institute: 1979. xvii + 325 pp.
Abstract: Gerald D. Berreman. Caste and Other Inequities: Essays on Inequality. Meerut, India, Folklore Institute: 1979. xvii + 325 pp. $10.00.