Caste

About: Caste is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5681 publications have been published within this topic receiving 91330 citations. The topic is also known as: caste system.

Measuring Discrimination in Education

Abstract: In this paper, we illustrate a methodology to measure discrimination in educational contexts. In India, we ran an exam competition through which children compete for a large financial prize. We recruited teachers to grade the exams. We then randomly assigned child "characteristics" (age, gender, and caste) to the cover sheets of the exams to ensure that there is no systematic relationship between the characteristics observed by the teachers and the quality of the exams. We find that teachers give exams that are assigned to be lower caste scores that are about 0.03 to 0.09 standard deviations lower than exams that are assigned to be high caste. The effect is small relative to the real differences in scores between the high and lower caste children. Low-performing, low caste children and top-performing females tend to lose out the most due to discrimination. Interestingly, we find that the discrimination against low caste students is driven by low caste teachers, while teachers who belong to higher caste groups do not appear to discriminate at all. This result runs counter to the previous literature, which tends to find that individuals discriminate in favor of members of their own groups.

Earnings Inequality in India: Has the Rise of Caste and Religion Based Politics in India had an Impact?

Abstract: Since 1989, there has been a sharp increase in the role of caste and religion in determining political fortunes at both state and federal levels in India. As a consequence, significant intercaste and inter-religion differences in earnings have the potential to stall the process of economic reforms. Yet, the patterns and determinants of such differences remain unexplored. We address this lacuna in the literature, and explore the determinants of the differences in inter-caste and inter-religion earnings in India during the 1987-99 period, using the 43 rd and 55 th rounds of National Sample Survey (NSS). Our results suggest that (a) earnings differences between “upper” castes and SC/ST have declined between 1987 and 1999, (b) over the same period, earnings differences between Muslims and non-Muslims have increased, to the detriment of the former, and (c) inter-caste and inter-religion differences in earnings can be explained largely by corresponding differences in educational endowment and returns on age (and, hence, experience). However, differences in returns on education do not explain inter-caste and inter-religion earnings differences to a great extent.

Caste and Organization Studies: Our Silence Makes Us Complicit

Abstract: The caste system has received scant attention in organization studies, despite persisting over thousands of years, influencing the socioeconomic lives of over a billion people around the world and ...

Studies of caste differentiation inMyrmica rubra L: 7. — Caste bias, queen age and influence

Abstract: Summary1The egg sequence at 20° C after hibernation of a queenMyrmica rubra L. has the following peculiarities:a)rate of production rises during the first 3 weeks to a maximum that is held for 3–4 weeks and then declines gradually to zero after 16 weeks;b)egg size declines during the period of increasing rate but then stays at a steady minimum value;c)worker-biased eggs are amongst those laid when rate is approaching its maximum and size its minimum. Other eggs, both the large first ones and the normal later ones enter diapause under the same culture conditions.2Queens may either yield a lot of worker-biased eggs or very few. Both types of queen may occur in the same colony or colonies may have a single type, and intermediates may be rare. The difference appears to be due to age for young queens lay a very high proportion of worker-biased eggs. Moreover such queens have a negligible social influence on brood-rearing compared with old queens.Résumé1A 20° C après l'hibernation la séquence des œufs d'une reineMyrmica rubra L. montre les particularités suivantes:a)le taux de production s'élève pendant les trois premières semaines jusqu'à un maximum. Ceci se maintient pour 3–4 semaines, puis décline peu à peu jusqu'à zéro après 16 semaines;b)la dimension des œufs décline pendant la période quand le taux s'augmente, puis reste à une minimum valeur constante;c)les œufs prédisposés à devenir ouvrières sont parmi ceux pondus quand le taux s'approche du maximum et la dimension s'approche du minimum. D'autres œufs, les plus gros pondus en premier et les normaux qui viennent plus tard, entrent en diapause dans les mêmes conditions de culture.2Les reines peuvent donner ou beaucoup ou très peu d'œufs prédisposés à devenir ouvrières. Les deux types de reine peuvent se trouver dans la même colonie, ou les colonies peuvent en avoir seulement un type, et les intermédiaires peuvent être peu nombreux. La différence paraît être dû à l'âge, car les jeunes reines pondent une très grande proportion d'œufs prédisposés à devenir ouvrières. De plus, ces jeunes reines ont socialement une influence négligeable sur l'élevage du couvain en comparaison des vieilles.Sommario1Il seguito delle uova a 20° C dopo l'ibernazione di una reginaMyrmica rubra L. mostra le particolarità seguenti:a)l'andamento di produzione s'aumenta durante le tre prime settimane fino ad un massimo. Questo si tiene per 3–4 settimane, poi declina poco a poco fino a zero dopo 16 settimane;b)la grandezza delle uova declina durante il periodo quando l'andamento s'aumenta, poi rimane ad un valore costante minimo;c)le uova inclinate a divenire operaie sono fra loro fatte quando l'andamento s'avvicina al massimo e la grandezza s'avvicina al massimo e la grandezza s'avvicina al minimo. Altre uova, le prime grandi e le normali di puì tardi, entrano nella diapausa sotto le stesse condizioni di coltura.2Le regine possono dare o molte o poche uova inclinate a divenire operaie. I due tipi di regina possono trovarsi nella stessa colonia, o le colonie possono contenere soltanto uno tipo; le intermedie possono essere scarse. La differenza sembra doversi all' età, piochè le regine giovani fanno una grande proporzione di uova inclinate a divenire operaie. Di puì, queste regine hanno uno influenza sociale negligibile sull' allevamento della covata a petto delle regine vecchie.