Showing papers on "Cataloging published in 1984"

Uk marc and us/marc: a brief history and comparison

Abstract: This paper traces the development of the US/MARC and UK MARC formats from their origins to the present day, showing some of the divergence between them and illustrating how Library of Congress records have been converted to UK MARC by a continually changing program. Some explanation is included of how the divergence occurred, which may be seen as typical of the ways in which national MARC formats have developed and the ensuing need for international formats is highlighted.

International access to bibliographic data: marc and marc-related activities

Abstract: Formats for the exchange of bibliographic data use the ISO 2709 record structure which started out as the structure for the Library of Congress MARC format. The UNISIST Reference Manual was an early international exchange format developed by ICSU‐AB and Unesco and included cataloguing rules suitable for use by A & I Services. The national libraries developed UNIMARC under IFLA auspices as their exchange format since the national formats were not totally compatible. Unesco, concerned about the lack of compatibility between the major international exchange formats, sponsored a symposium, resulting from which a Common Communication Format was developed and ISO began work on a data element directory. International formats also exist for nuclear and agricultural information as well as for serials data. Other formats exist which are used internationally and have different structural characteristics. The International MARC Network Study Steering Committee has taken an interest in the exchange of bibliographic data and has organized a test of UNIMARC and supervised a UNIMARC Handbook to clarify the format. International exchange formats tend to acquire accompanying cataloguing rules: indeed they will only be really effective if there are internationally accepted cataloguing rules and authority files.

Bibliographic Record Maintenance in the Online Environment.

Abstract: Les catalogues online deviennent des outils de plus en plus courants dans les bibliotheques americaines; mais si beaucoup d'articles sont consacres a ce sujet ils se rapportent le plus souvent a leur description ou au probleme d'acces par le public, mais rarement aux questions que pose la maintenance des enregistrements bibliographiques. Cet article etudie: l'entree des nouvelles donnees, la detection et la correction des erreurs, maintenance des formes des vedettes a partir des listes d'autorite, ajout d'information a des enregistrements existants, retrait d'enregistrements. Il faut souligner que la maintenance des catalogues online requiert un personnel forme a l'utilisation des outils informatiques et represente pour ce personnel une responsabilite importante. (INTD)

Authority Control in the Online Environment.

Abstract: catalogs, the function of authority control—to ensure consistency of headings—needs to be reflected at the local level. Authority work changed at the Ohio State University Libraries (OSUL) as cataloging became automated and control was provided for an online catalog. The changes have preserved the traditional functions of authority control, while making use of the capabilities of the computer and the availability of machine-readable data. Shifts have occurred in when, how, and by whom authority work is done. These shifts can be described as the move from pre- to postcataloging authority work; the separation of mechanical and intellectual tasks, with the automation of the former; and the imposition of authority control at different levels (i.e., national library, network, or individual library). Before automation, authority work was done at the time of cataloging. AU the headings to be used were checked in the authority file. This checking revealed whether the headings had been used: if so, in what form; if not, whether they were variant forms of existing headings or new to the catalog. Headings that were new to the catalog were established: a unique form (distinct from other headings in the catalog) was formulated, variant forms identified, and the relationships between headings shown. Auld points out that the availability of cataloging copy (LC cards) caused many libraries to do away with their authority files. 2 This is evidence of the shift in the level of authority work, from the individual library to the Library of Congress. The intellectual work of determining unique forms did not have to be repeated, but it was still necessary to integrate headings into the local catalog (the element of control). For this reason, OSUL continued to maintain an authority file. Authority work was done at the time of cataloging, but became primarily the recording of LC's decisions and establishing references for the local catalog. The use of machine-readable cataloging data further modified authority work. At OSUL, the decision was made to increase cataloging productivity by removing authority work from the automated (copy) cataloging procedure. The authority work that had been done before cataloging was now done after the catalog cards were received from OCLC. The main-entry card was used

Artificial intelligence and authority control

Abstract: Les listes d'autorite et le controle automatise du catalogage qu'elles permettent sont presentees comme une forme d'application du concept d'intelligence artificielle

How Will Automation Affect Cataloging Staff

Abstract: This article considers the affect of the continuing spread of automation on library technical services in general, and on cataloging staff in particular. Support is given to the view that staff will decline and that the distinction between technical staff and public staff will erode. A mix of technical-public service work is urged for all staff in addition to a safe and healthy automated workplace. Future cataloging procedures in a fully automated setting are projected, and greater productivity with lower costs are predicted. The automated library should be a better library, but it is vital that change in job content and staffing patterns accompany the new technical environment.

Technology in school libraries in Australia

Abstract: Apres une breve presentation du systeme educatif australien, l'organisation administrative et financiere des services d'information, les ressources audiovisuelles et les projets en matiere de developpement des bibliotheques sont detailles

Library automation in the Netherlands and Pica

Abstract: The Pica Library Automation Network originated from a research project on catalogue automation on behalf of some Dutch research libraries in the years 1969–1975. The name Pica derives from this project: Project for Integrated Catalogue Automation. Since 1976 Pica has been a non‐profit‐organisation, sponsored by the Dutch government, for the realisation of an online automated library network in The Netherlands, based on a centralised bibliographic database in which information is stored only once. Satellite library systems as well as other associated systems are provided with information from this central database. Duplication of efforts needs to be eliminated. In 1983 the following Pica‐systems became operational:

Merging catalog entries from various countries into an online union catalog

Abstract: Introduction This paper will examine the possibility of constructing an online international union catalog from machine readable entries originating in different countries. Benefits of such a union catalog would be extensive, since it would greatly increase availability of library resources internationally and reduce rates of rise of processing costs in participating libraries. The discussion of catalog entries will be limited to descriptive cataloging and will include only title and author elements, only catalog entries originating in different language regions, and only catalog entries in machine readable form.

The cataloguing and indexing of the photographic collection of the Royal Commonwealth Society

Abstract: The richness of the historical heritage contained in old photographs has come to be valued to any extent only in the last few years, and various bodies and institutions now find themselves with large, often physically un wieldy archives of photographs of considerable import ance and also, incidentally, often of considerable financial value. The fact that in the past photograph collections have often been a largely disregarded aspect of a library or archive's resources has caused the contents to be uninvestigated and therefore not able to be made available to scholars and researchers. The special factors involved in organizing, storing and using these often fragile prints pose problems that necessitate treating photographs as a separate entity from the main body of a library or archive of manuscript material. The inherent vulnerability of photographic emulsions to decay and chemical decomposition (problems often exacerbated by the original mounting of prints into albums and on card with unsuitable glues) has not been entirely overcome by modern conservation techniques, but enough has been done to enable most institutions at least to minimize harmful storage methods while still keeping material available for inspection and use. The ever-increasing demand for photographs by publishers, scholars and the visual media generally has led a number of libraries to contemplate programmes of comprehensive cataloguing and indexing, several of which are in progress now.