Showing papers on "Cataloging published in 1990"
Journal Article•
23 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The introduction of the bibliographic utilities in the 1970s produced far-reaching changes in cataloging departments by allowing the bulk of the material to be processed more quickly and cost effectively by nonprofessionals.
Abstract: The introduction of the bibliographic utilities in the 1970s produced far-reaching changes in cataloging departments by allowing the bulk of the material to be processed more quickly and cost effectively by nonprofessionals. In turn, that change caused professionals' duties to shift to handling the more difficult items and ignited a body of literature that discussed those catalogers' future roles. This paper tracks the dislocations brought about by the utilities for professional catalogers and tests the foresight of the forecasters by analyzing job advertisements for catalogers from 1970 to 1989
22 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a model organizational structure for univerity and research libraries to meet the needs of an information seeking, technology-oriented clientele, which is based on the division of labor.
Abstract: DURING THE PAST FEW DECADES, UNIVER sity and research libraries have encountered new and tremendous pressures from all sides. Libraries have been forced to examine their effectiveness in the face of such developments as: the information explosion; the shifting societal emphasis to information as a commodity; the rising cost of materials, labor, and equipment; declining li brary revenues; advances in automation and technology; and competition from other mformation-disseminating organiza tions. Among the areas that have come under scrutiny in these large libraries is their organizational structure. Will traditional organizational structures enable them to meet these new chal lenges? If not, what structure would? Some suggest that the structure must be more flexible;1 others, that it must be orga nized by subject;2 still others, that it should be organized for matrix management;3 and some recommend only minor shift ing of responsibilities, such as the merger of cataloging with bibliographic searching.4 However, no specific proposals for a total reorganization of the libraries have been put forth. In order to fill this gap, we would like to offer a model organizational structure for univer sity and research libraries to meet the needs of an information seeking, technology-oriented clientele. Historically, the division of labor has been an accepted prin ciple for organizing work since the seventeenth century and the theories of Adam Smith. Since then, work has traditionally been organized by its major purpose or function, the process being used, the persons or things dealt with, or the place where a service is rendered.5 Following this pattern, early university libraries were orga nized by function into acquisitions, integration (cataloging, classification, and processing), circulation, and reference.6 But as collections, staffs, clientele, and services grew, a more com plex organizational structure became necessary. By the 1950s, li braries were commonly organized by a combination of function (acquisitions, circulation, reference, etc.), activity (or der, repair, extension, etc.), clientele (children, adults, under graduates, etc.), geography (branches), subject (fine arts, history, technology, etc.), and form of material (serials, audio visuals, documents, etc.).7 Since then, no single organizational method has predomi
21 citations
TL;DR: Examen du cout d'une participation a un reseau de partage des ressources (catalogage partage, pret interbibliotheque) pour une bibliotheques de l'OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).
Abstract: Examen du cout d'une participation a un reseau de partage des ressources (catalogage partage, pret interbibliotheque) pour une bibliotheque; proposition d'un nouveau systeme de remuneration base sur le modele de «contribution princing» de l'OCLC (Online Computer Library Center)
19 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The role of the professional catalog librarian in today's academic library has been the subject of an ongoing research project begun in 1983 as discussed by the authors, where the authors presented results from two surveys of catalog departments in academic libraries throughout the United States: the first by written questionnaire in 1983-84, with responses from 106 catalog department heads; the second by telephone interviews in 1986-87 with forty of the original respondents.
Abstract: This paper presents results from two surveys of catalog departments in academic libraries throughout the United States: the first by written questionnaire in 1983-84, with responses from 106 catalog department heads; the second by telephone interviews in 1986-87 with forty of the original respondents Topics examined include analysis of the most common departmental organizational patterns, the extent to which the role of the professional is managerial, and the level of cataloging considered the responsibility of professionals and that which is delegated to support staff Changes in the traditional role for professional catalogers are occurring slowly A recommendation is offered for increasing involvement of para professionals in higher-level cataloging There is recognition of the continuing need for the professional catalog librarian's responsibility in the creation and maintenance of meaningful bibliographic records The role of the catalog librarian in today's academic library has been the of an ongoing research project begun in 1983 This paper presents results from two surveys, one a questionnaire survey undertaken in 1983-84, the second a series of follow-up interviews with catalog department heads done in 1986-87 The study includes analysis of the most common types of catalog department organizational patterns, the extent to which the role of the professional has become increasingly managerial, and the basic cataloging tasks that are performed by professionals and those that have been delegated to support staff METHODOLOGY Questionnaires were sent to catalog department heads in approximately 160 academic libraries throughout the United States in 1983-84 All libraries contacted served institutions that offered at least a bachelor's degree and had student enrollments of 5,000 or more In selecting the participants, every effort was made to achieve regional balance and a varied range of campus sizes and types; the survey encompassed public and private institutions and residential and urban commuter campuses(1) Viable responses were received from 106 department heads, representing forty-six states and Washington, DC Table 1 shows the regional distribution and size of institution represented In order to update the research during 1986-87, follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with forty of the original respondents Two representatives were selected from each size and regional category shown in Table 1, eg, two from the eastern group serving institutions with student enrollments over 30,000, etc Again, the attempt was made to have as varied a representation as possible The original questionnaire was quite lengthy, and the research project involved a number of widely varied issues beyond the scope of this paper In the telephone interviews topics were narrowed to a few pertinent questions involving departmental organization structure, current job descriptions for catalogers, and the role that is expected of the catalog librarian Department heads were asked about changes that had occurred since the 1983-84 survey THE CHANGING LIBRARY SCENE: SOME OVERALL STATISTICS The 1983-84 questionnaire was designed to obtain statistics on overall library staff size, the relative size of catalog departments by comparison, and the ratio of professional to support staff Some of these results have been presented in other papers by the author Table 2 gives statistics for catalog department size among the forty participants of the updated survey Libraries are grouped by size of parent institutions Eight libraries are represented in each institution size category described on the left The figures in the first column to the right of each description show the size of the largest cataloging staff represented in that category, the center column figures show the size of smallest staff in that category, and the figures in the far right column show the average size of all the departments in that category …
16 citations
TL;DR: The present bibliography grew out of a need to provide a basic working list for participants in a conference held at the University of California, Davis in April of 1988, originally consisting of publications of conference participants, it grew from a specialized working document into a more comprehensive monograph bibliography, at first with a simple snowball method; and subsequently, with the aid of two major bibliographic utilities as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The present bibliography grew out of a need to provide a basic working list for participants in a conference held at the University of California, Davis in April of 1988. Originally consisting of publications of conference participants, it grew from a specialized working document into a more comprehensive monograph bibliography, at first with a simple snowball method; and subsequently, with the aid of two major bibliographic utilities: the University of California's system-wide online catalog (Melvyl), and RLIN (the cataloging database of the Research Libraries Group).
15 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The specific adjustments that needed to be made to accommodate the use of nonbook materials and descriptive language within an existing MARC-based system and how that database was successfully integrated with the library’s online catalog for books are outlined.
Abstract: THIS ARTICLE CHRONICLES the design, development, and implementation of a MARC-based online cataloging system for visual images. It defines many of the problems encountered during the process and the often unique ways in which attempts were made to solve these dilemmas. It outlines the specific adjustments that needed to be made to accommodate the use of nonbook materials and descriptive language within an existing MARC-based system and how that database was successfully integrated with the library’s online catalog for books.
14 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Importance of Research Thinking Critically Establishing Your Purpose and Raising Questions Analyzing the Topic Synthesizing Making Inferences Evaluating The General Process of Research Preparation Incubation Illumination Verification
Abstract: Preface I. RESEARCH METHODS 1. College Research Introduction Research in the Disciplines The Importance of Research Thinking Critically Establishing Your Purpose and Raising Questions Analyzing the Topic Synthesizing Making Inferences Evaluating The General Process of Research Preparation Incubation Illumination Verification A Physician Uses the Research Process Engaging Critically and Actively in the Reading Process Reading on Three Different Levels Structuring Your Reading Process Annotating the Text While Reading Using Sources Responsibly and Avoiding Plagiarism 2. Finding Library and Internet Resources Introduction Libraries and General Library Resources The Library Reference Area General Reference Works Locating Library Books and Resources: Computer Cataloging Systems Locating Articles in Serials: Popular Periodicals Locating Articles in Serials: Professional Journals Locating Government Documents Other Technologies Electronic Full-text Databases Internet Resources Using Search Tools to Locate Information on Your Topic Using Internet Library and Periodicals Collections Bookmarking Important Sites 3. Using Library and Internet Sources Introduction Preparation and Incubation Finding a Topic Selecting a Specific Topic Narrowing and Focusing the Topic Asking Research Questions Developing a Hypothesis Gathering Research Materials Taking Notes with Photocopies and Printouts Photocopies and Database Printouts Printing Internet Sources Downloading Internet Sources Saving Online Sources The Working Bibliography Developing a Search Strategy Outlining a Time Frame Locating Sources Evaluating Print and Electronic Sources Working with Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Acknowledge Required No Acknowledge Required Unintentional Plagiarism International Plagiarism Illumination and Verification Evaluation Writing from Sources 4. Planning and Writing Your Research Paper Introduction Planning Your Research Paper Rhetorical Situation Organization Outlining and Drafting Your Research Paper Constructing an Outline or Plan Drafting Your Paper Avoiding Writer's Block Collaborating Drafting with a Computer 5. Revising and Formatting Your Research Paper Introduction Rewriting Your Research Paper Rereading and Reviewing Your Draft Revising for Structure and Style Improving Paragraphs Improving Sentences Improving Words Editing for Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling Rewriting Your Paper Using Word Processing Incorporating Reference Materials Incorporating Direct Quotations Formatting and Printing Using Computers Proofreading Considering Formal Details Word Processing Line Spacing Margins Title Page Numbering Indentation and Word Spacing The Abstract The Endnote Page The References Page The Annotated Bibliography The Appendix Sample Student Paper II. MODEL RESEARCH PROJECTS 6. Writing a Research Paper in the Humanities Introduction Reports and Research Papers The Inquiry Process in the Humanities The Importance of Texts in the Humanities Research in the Humanities Acceptable Evidence in the Humanities Primary Research in the Humanities Using Primary Texts Life-History Interviewing Organizing and Writing the Humanities Research Paper Outlining Writing the First Draft Documentation in the Humanities: MLA Style Internal Citation The Reference List Model References: Language and Literature (MLA) Type of Reference Footnote and Bibliography Style Model Notes: Humanities Type of Reference Exercises and Research Project Discipline-Specific Resources for Humanities Technology and the Humanities Resources for Humanities Sample Research Paper: Humanities Format (MLA) 7. Writing a Review Paper in Science and Technology Introduction The Inquiry Process in Science and Technology The Importance of Observation in the Sciences The Importance of Formulating and Testing Hypotheses Critical Scientific Research The Importance of Replicability and Scientific Debate Primary Research in the Sciences Lab Experiments and Reports Field Observations and Reports Organizing and Writing the Scientific Review Paper Arranging the Materials Writing the First Draft: Verification Documentation in Science and Technology Internal Citation The Reference List Model References: Natural and Physical Sciences (Number System) (CBE) Exercises and Research Project Discipline-Specific Resources for Science and Technology Resources for the Sciences and Technology Sample Engineering Paper: Science Format (CBE) 8. Writing a Research Paper in Social Science Introduction The Inquiry Process in Social Science The Importance of Observing Human Behavior The Importance of Understanding Human Consciousness Objectivity versus Subjectivity Primary Research in the Social Sciences Step 1- Problem and Hypothesis Step 2- Research Design Step 3- Gathering the Data Step 4- Analyzing the Data Step 5- Interpreting the Results Social Science Research Designs Organizing and Writing the Social Science Research Paper Organizing Your Materials Planning and Outlining Writing the First Draft Manuscript Preparation (APA Style) Title Page Abstract Text Introduction Body Reference Page Appendix Documentation in Social Science: The Author/Date Style (APA) Internal Citation The Reference List in APA Style Model References: Social Science (APA) Type of Reference Exercises and Research Project Discipline-Specific Resources for Social Science Resources for the Social Sciences Sample Research Paper: Social Science Format (APA) 9. Writing a Research Report in Business Introduction The Inquiry Process in Business Three Types of R&D Other Types of Business Research Primary Research in Business Presenting Business Information Conducting a Survey in Business Organizing and Writing the Business Report Documentation in Business and Economics Internal Citations The Reference List Model References: Business and Economics (Chicago) Type of Reference Exercises and Research Project Discipline-Specific Resources for Business and Economics Technology and Business Sample Research Report: Business and Economics Format (Chicago) Index
12 citations
TL;DR: Carnegie Mellon University has undertaken an experimental project to enhance catalog records for new books that meet defined criteria: for example, the books contain “citable” references in the table of contents and chapter titles do contain additional useful information.
Abstract: Historically, libraries have always included special features in their catalogs to meet local needs. This trend has changed over the years as cataloging standards have been developed and accepted. The sheer volume of materials and the rising costs of operations have also curtailed the customizing of local records. However, the desirability of enhancing local records has been readdressed at Carnegie Mellon University. It has undertaken an experimental project to enhance catalog records for new books that meet defined criteria: for example, the books contain “citable” references in the table of contents; chapter titles, while not separately citable, do contain additional useful information; and exhibition catalogs cover 25 or fewer artists. The criteria for and process of enhancing records are discussed, and sample screen displays are illustrated.
11 citations
TL;DR: Six critical features of photographs that should be reflected in cataloging are examined, making some comparisons between the cataloging of textual archival and manuscript materials and the cataloged of visual materials.
Abstract: Les six caracteristiques a prendre en compte dans le catalogage des photographies sont examinees. Le catalogage des manuscrits et archives textuelles est compare a celui des materiels photographiques. Les outils developpes recemment pour la description et l'indexation de materiel visuels originaux ou historiques sont decrits
TL;DR: The chief advantages of using LCSH for archival materials are its availability, and its ability to causearchival materials to collocate topically with published materials in integrated online systems.
Abstract: This paper takes for granted that archival materials will be entered into a catalog in which Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) will be used to provide access. The purposes of subject access are discussed. The matter of selecting the appropriate extent of subject cataloging for archival entities is raised. Archival entities will generally require more detailed subject cataloging than published materials. A scheme for subject analysis of archival materials is presented. LCSH is described briefly, and several archival entities are analyzed and provided with LCSH access points to illustrate the methodology employed. The chief advantages of using LCSH for archival materials are its availability, and its ability to cause archival materials to collocate topically with published materials in integrated online systems.
TL;DR: The concept of itinerant librarians is not new; it has been suggested as one solution to cataloging backlogs and shortages of professionally trained catalogers as discussed by the authors. But their very success also encouraged low salaries and the practice of employing untrained people in permanent capacities.
Abstract: In recent years the concept of the itinerant, or journeyman, cataloger has been suggested as one solution to cataloging backlogs and shortages of professionally trained catalogers. The concept is not new. In the period between 1887 and 1915, when the United States was experiencing rapid library development, hundreds of librarians traveled throughout the country organizing library collections. Itinerant librarians made significant professional contributions by facilitating the widespread adoption of standard classification and cataloging schemes and training local librarians to continue the work. Unfortunately, their very success also encouraged two negative trends in librarianship: low salaries and the practice of employing untrained people in permanent capacities.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Shall The authors Throw Out the Technical Services-and Then What?
Abstract: Shall We Throw Out the Technical Services-and Then What? Personal Selection for Cataloging Kaye Gapen argued in her keynote address that new paradigms of thought are needed for the changing environment of our libraries. Joan Rapp responds with suggestions on how to recruit the synetic catalogers that are needed for the solution of the problems posed in the changing environment. Good catalogers are hard to find. So say a number of recent studies that have focused on the difficulty of recruiting educated and trailed catalogers and cataloging managers. For instance, a recent issue of the RTSD Newsletter reports the results of a CCS Task Force study indicating a shortage of well-qualified applicants for catalog positions.' However, there is a flip side to recruiting new and experienced librarians into cataloging areas. The process of recruitment and selection should be studied carefully from both sides: We need to make cataloging positions more attractive, viable career paths-that is, we need to make cataloging jobs fit librarians' needs-but we should not forget that in these times of shortages, it may be more important that the person we recruit fit the job we try to fill. Two points speak to the importance of this fit. First, a shortage of applicants means that, from the applicant's viewpoint, the market is strong. Demand far exceeds supply. In such an environment, dissatisfaction with a specific job can be easily corrected by moving to another job. In most urban locations, demand is currently such that job changes can often be made without even the need for geographic relocation. From an employer's viewpoint, this translates into a buyer's market, potentially high turnover, and challenges for administrators in filling cataloging vacancies. Second, the importance of automation, the need for high-quality bibliographic databases, and the need for knowledgeable manipulation and maintenance of these databases have significantly increased the visibility of technical services, particularly cataloging. As the back room of cataloging becomes the public foyer of the online catalog, mistakes in personnel selection become more evident and costly. At best, the mistakes once diffused on scattered catalog cards are merely prominently displayed in machine records and indexes. At worst, ineffective cataloging requires expensive reworking of projects, reconversion of databases, and gross inefficiencies in the meshing of various card and paper files into machine readable databases. To understand our dilemma, we need to look a little more closely at the current working environment in technical services. Virtually our only certainty today is that we are uncertain what this environment will be tomorrow. We talk confidently about our ability to accept change, as if it were a single phenomenon with a beginning and an end. We hold to the notion of change as happening once and for all, after which we can breathe a sigh of relief that normalcy has returned. But today's change is different from yesterday's. There is no foreseeable tomorrow when we will have mastered once and for all the appropriate skills for our jobs. Organizational structures are fluid. Lines of communication shift as new advances in automation cause work groups to relate to each other in very different ways and force traditional library hierarchies aside. Organization charts are outdated as the ink is drying, as new systems and new projects require groups of people who have had little to do with each other in the past to work closely together. The lines between professionals and paraprofessionals become blurred as expertise is called upon from whatever source is appropriate. What are the implications of this scenario for our recruitment of personnel? From both organizational and personal viewpoints, it may be that the minimum criterion for success will have to be that obsolescence is minimized. …
01 Mar 1990
TL;DR: What can be done to coordinate the various existing education information databases in the field of education is outlined.
Abstract: ERIC is the closest thing to a national database covering the field of education and yet ERIC's coverage is not comprehensive and responsibility for providing information concerning educational resources of all types is fragmented. Given that ERIC cannot obtain the resources to increase its coverage, this article outlines what can be done to coordinate the various existing education information databases. Coordination is seen as possible both during database generation and the later search and retrieval phase. Specific recommendations are provided for four defined stages: (1) Coverage/Acquisitions/Selection; (2) Processing (Cataloging/Indexing/Abstracting); (3) Finding the Right Database to Search (Referral); (4) Retrieval.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this study, a new online catalog and an existing card catalog were compared to detect levels and types of errors, and to determ ine if the online catalog needed extensive upgrading.
Abstract: A Comparison of Online and Card Catalog Accuracy - Gunnar Knutson Many libraries have not yet completed retrospective conversion of their catalogs. Users must therefore search both manual and online files to access an entire collection; thus the relative accuracy of these files is an important issue. In this study, a new online catalog and an existing card catalog were compared to detect levels and types of errors, and to determ ine if the online catalog needed extensive upgrading. Results indicated the online catalog was more accurate, and the card catalog was apt to present progressively more problems for users. Libraries with online catalogs have found that retrospective conversion projects are easier to begin than to complete. Libraries end up with two catalogs: an online catalog plus a card catalog containing records for older, unconverted materials. The card catalog still is an important information source in many libraries and can pose problems for users. This situation has the disadvantage of necessitating searching different files to locate all cataloged holdings. The new and old catalogs may present different obstacles to users, so that at times they will fail to find cataloged materials. Many factors come into play in the user's interaction with an online or card catalog, such as the degree of persistence a patron exhibits in searching or the completeness of a citation. One basic factor crucial to the success of a search is the comparative accuracy of online and card files. Search success depends in part on error rates in a catalog. Accuracy may vary considerably. When a library switches to an online catalog, it is reasonable to expect that the bibliographic records will be at least as high in quality as they were in the card catalog. Online cataloging and retrospective conversion are areas where there is potential for introducing errors that did not exist in the corresponding manual records. A single faulty keystroke may make an author or subject entry nonretrievable. Changing forms of entry, particularly in the subject catalog, also may affect search success. This report is an attempt to answer the following questions: (1) How accurate is a library's online catalog as compared to the card catalog? (2) What types of errors most often occur in each catalog? (3) Would a library be doing a disservice to patrons by making an online catalog publicly available without extensive cleanup work and heading verification? (4) Do the answers to the first three questions indicate how a library should deal with its nonconverted records? To provide answers for one library, a research project was initiated that compared the accuracy of a newly installed online catalog to the card catalog still in place. BACKGROUND This investigation was conducted in an academic research library with about 450,000 cataloged titles. The library was founded in the late 1940s and grew rapidly when a new campus opened in 1965. In 1976 the library became a member of OCLC. Two years later a large-scale in-house retrospective conversion project began. In 1983 a decision was made to purchase the NOTIS integrated online local system. Subsequently the library's OCLC tapes, which contained both post-1976 cataloging plus retrospective conversion of the majority of the library's monographic holdings, were sent to a vendor for updating and authority file creation. The library's processed tapes were returned and loaded into the local online system in mid- 1985. At first the system was available only to library staff and to users of the university's academic computing center. Prior to the installation of public terminals in the spring of 1986, the retrieval accuracy of the new system was tested. Library staff found problems such as filing indicator errors and outdated subject headings, and it seemed wise to determine if the errors were pervasive or merely isolated occurrences. During this period the catalog department continued to maintain the card catalog while adjusting to the use of the new system for cataloging and authority work. …
TL;DR: Results show that approximately 88% of the access points selected by the Library of Congress or the National Library of Medicine could be automatically derived from title page data, having implications for the design of bibliographic standards and online catalogs.
Abstract: This article reports the results of research designed to explore the feasibility of automatically deriving name access points from machine-readable title pages of English language monographs. Two questions were asked: (1) To what degree is it possible to specify formal criteria for extracting from the title pages of monographs in machine-readable form the names of those persons and corporate bodies who have contributed significantly to the creation of the monographs in question? and (2) Are title page data adequate for automatically generating name access points from English language monographs in machine-readable form? Results show that approximately 88% of the access points selected by the Library of Congress or the National Library of Medicine could be automatically derived from title page data. These results have implications for the design of bibliographic standards and online catalogs. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: This guide is not intended to replace AACR2 but to be used by the beginning cataloger, school librarian, or anyone doing cataloging for a small, general type collection.
Abstract: From the impact of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, including amendments, to technology's potential for increasing productivity, you need to keep abreast of the latest changes and the newest innovations. These detailed guides will help you: -- Determine hardware and software needs for technical services workstations -- Accurately catalog material from serials to reproductions to interactive multimedia -- Integrate preservation activities into the acquisition process "Very useful for libraries using the first very basic level of description...can be used for all but really in-depth cataloging. It is not intended to replace AACR2 but to be used by the beginning cataloger, school librarian, or anyone doing cataloging for a small, general type collection". -- Voice of Youth Advocates
Book•
13 Dec 1990
TL;DR: The history and nature of law libraries can be traced back to the creation of the legal field and the legal clientele, as well as the development and management of legal libraries as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Contents Chapter One: The History and Nature of Law Libraries * History of Law Libraries * Types of Law Libraries * Chapter Two: The Nature of the Legal Field and the Legal Clientele * The Nature of the Legal Clientele * The Nature of Legal Research Tools * Chapter Three: Collection Development * Growing Importance of Collection Development * The Acquisitions Policy * Alternatives to Purchasing Legal Materials * Selection Tools * Current Awareness Sources * Weeding * Chapter Four: Technical Services * Library Acquisitions * Check-In Systems for Serial Records * Routing * Missing Books * Superseded Material * Preservation * Cataloging and Classification * Managing Special Collections * Chapter Five: User Services * Information Needs of the Clientele * Legal Databases * Legislative Databases * Non-Legal Databases * Chapter Six: The Impact of Technology on Law Libraries * Microfilm and Microfiche * Computer Databases * CD-ROMS * The Librarian as Consumer * The Librarian as Educator * Chapter Seven: Management Issues * The Law Library Director and the Organization's Administration * Space Planning and Design * Disaster Planning * Marketing the Law Library * Budgeting * Chapter Eight: Personnel and Staffing Issues * The MLS * The JD * Continuing Education * Burnout * Career Options for Law Librarians * Comparable Worth * Ethics and Professional Responsibility * Staffing * Chapter Nine: Special Issues for Law Firm Libraries * Client Billing * Confidentiality and Security Issues * Representing the Unpopular Client * Managing Branches * Mergers * Dissolving the Library * Summer Associates * Teaching Legal Research * Chapter Ten: Special Issues for Academic Law Libraries * Accreditation of Law School Libraries * Sharing Resources * Faculty Status and Tenure * Teaching Legal Research * The Student Employee * Conservation and Preservation * Chapter 11: Special Issues for Government-Sponsored Law Libraries * Clientele With Various Needs * Dealing With the Public * Budgetary Constraints * Space Limitations * Meeting the Need for Non-Legal Research * General Bibliography * Index
TL;DR: Key sections of Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts are explicated with particular reference to the ways in which this code reflects the nature of contemporary archival records and practice while remaining compatible with the style and structure of bibliographically oriented cataloging.
Abstract: This paper describes the significant characteristics of archival materials and of archival methods of description and arrangement. Key sections of Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts are explicated with particular reference to the ways in which this code reflects the nature of contemporary archival records and practice while remaining compatible with the style and structure of bibliographically oriented cataloging. The relationship of catalog records to other forms of archival finding aids is explained.
TL;DR: This article begins with what is available on disk selection, via both printed directories and in the journals, and next discusses reported methods of disk evaluation.
Abstract: The selection and evaluation of CD‐ROM disks are important steps in the planning of a CD‐ROM facility. The choice of databases depends upon, among other factors, the objectives of the library, the projected use of each disk, and financial considerations. In this article we review the literature that deals with these matters. We begin with what is available on disk selection, via both printed directories and in the journals. We next discuss reported methods of disk evaluation. Finally, we cover existing reviews of various CD‐ROM products.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The traditional and potential functions of these tools, the requirements for their becoming efficient online cataloging and retrieval tools, and recent developments toward these goals are discussed.
Abstract: As the online catalog continues to be developed and refined, the question arises as to how the traditional subject analysis tools, the Library of Congress Subject Headings, the Library of Congress Classification, and the Dewey Decimal Classification, can be most effectively adapted to the online environment. This article examines the limitations and potentials of these tools and the challenges of incorporating them online. The traditional and potential functions of these tools, the requirements for their becoming efficient online cataloging and retrieval tools, and recent developments toward these goals are discussed
01 Feb 1990
TL;DR: The three main phases of automation at the National Library of Scotland are described and the current applications, cataloguing, and use of OPAC are discussed along with systems information.
Abstract: This paper describes the three main phases of automation at the National Library of Scotland. During Phase I (1978–85) NLS was a member of the British Library's Local Cataloguing Service (LOCAS), submitting forms for keypunching prior to the production of a COM catalogue. During Phase II (1985—87) data was input online to the computer at NLS and then was transmitted to LOCAS. The use of the VTLS (Virginia Tech Library System) systems forms Phase III (1988—). The current applications, cataloguing (including downloading and authority control) and use of OPAC are discussed along with systems information. Future plans for automation in NLS are listed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined user behavior and preferences when searching for meetings identified by a generic term for meeting and the name of a corporate body holding the meeting and evaluated current cataloging practice in light of the findings.
Abstract: The creation of bibliographic records for conference publications is difficult for catalogers and the records are difficult for reference librarians and patrons to use. Those identified by a generic term for a meeting and the name of the corporate body holding the meeting present special problems. This study examines user behavior and preferences when searching for meetings identified by a generic term for meeting and the name of a corporate body holding the meeting. Current cataloging practice is evaluated in light of the findings.
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The principles of subject cataloging as they apply toMoving image materials are discussed, including user needs for moving image materials, depth of subject coverage, ofness and aboutness, and depth of indexing.
Abstract: Discusses the principles of subject cataloging as they apply to moving image materials, including user needs for moving image materials, depth of subject coverage, ofness and aboutness, and depth of indexing. Also discusses online system design considerations, including integration, co-occurrence rules for keywords, decisions about pre- and post-coordination, searchable fields, definition of indexes, and displays of headings from multiple lists. Discusses topical subject access for both nonfiction and fiction. Discusses genre and form and physical format access. Then discusses some problems with the use of the MARC format for providing subject access to moving image materials.
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The development and prototyping of classification methods and the evaluation of library tools for software reuse generally and Ada components for management information systems specifically are developed.
Abstract: This current research program on software reuse is investigating library tools fordescribing,classifying,cataloging, organizing and managing Ada reusable software components. The major research results are the development and prototyping of classification methods and the evaluation of library tools for software reuse generally, and Ada components for management information systems specifically. The prototype system integrates the Faceted Classification Scheme (FCS) and conceptual closeness maps. Future research areas include the development of tools for reusable components libraries and expert systems for software development with natural language interfaces.
TL;DR: The authors describe the unique publications issued by American private public policy research organizations as "grey", "ephemeral", "fugitive", and "non-trade" terms used to describe them.
Abstract: “Grey”, “ephemeral”, “fugitive”, and “non‐trade” are terms used to describe the unique publications issued by American private public policy research organizations. These research organizations often publish the best and brightest analytical thinking about public problem‐solving and wield considerable influence in the process of national policymaking. Information professionals, responsible for social science collections, have for decades agonized over issues related to acquiring, cataloging, and organizing this unorthodox literature. Librarians have traditionally viewed this body of literature as too difficult and laborious to locate and inferior by library standards to sit on open shelves among the general collection.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards.
Abstract: Serials Standards Work: The Next Frontier Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed. As automated systems expand into new areas such as binding, cancellation, claiming, ordering, and other controls, the importance of existing and developing national standards for serials cannot be ignored. In May 1988 the ALA RTSD Serials Section Committee to Study Serials Standards (called Committee to Study Serials Records before July 1988) designed a questionnaire and conducted a survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries. Our goal was to assess the current level of standards awareness of both librarians and vendors and to encourage the implementation of national standards. Three hundred libraries were selected to participate in this survey. These libraries encompassed the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. SUMMARY OF GENERAL FINDINGS AND SYSTEMS IN USE GENERAL: TYPES OF LIBRARIES The total number of responses received was 94 with the overwhelming majority (69) coming from academic libraries (figure 1). A wide range of types of libraries was represented in the responses including academic, public, law, medical, state historical societies, and nonacademic research libraries such as the Library of Congress, National Agricultural Library, National Library of Medicine, and the National Library of Canada. Questions 1-10 focused on whether a library's serials activities were automated or manual and the specific system used if the library reported that an automated system was used. QUESTION 1: SERIALS CHECK-IN In response to question 1, asking whether serials check-in was automated or manual, 34 libraries (38%) indicated check-in was automated and 57 (62%) indicated they operated a manual check-in system. NOTIS and INNOVACQ were the most frequently used vendor systems although they were closely followed by GEAC and the FAXON LINX system. Several libraries reported using a system developed in-house that they did not name (figure 2). QUESTION 2: SERIALS HOLDINGS Question 2 dealt with whether libraries had automated their serials holdings. Fifty-one libraries (55%) reported that they had automated serials holdings while 37 (40%) reported they had manual serials holdings and 5 (5%) did not answer the question. The most numerous vendor-based systems were NOTIS (10) and OCLC (11). In this category, however, the largest response of automated libraries indicated they used systems developed in-house (13) (figure 3). …