Showing papers on "Cataloging published in 2001"

A Virtual International Authority File.

Abstract: A pool of authority records for bibliographic entities (persons, corporate bodies, works/expressions, concepts objects, events, and places) to use on the Internet is of interest not only to libraries and their users but also to publishers, copyright and rights management organizations, museums, and archives. This paper will explore how this all might actually work. Authority control remains the most expensive part of cataloging, but through cooperative efforts like NACO, SACO, and IFLA initiatives, the research done in one library can be shared internationally to lower the cost. It has often been observed that the current Web is chaotic for finding information. It needs help and we can provide it! Introducing an element of authority control to the Web environment would help meet these objectives: • to facilitate the sharing of the workload to reduce cataloguing costs and our community has expanded, especially in Europe these days, where libraries are viewed with archives, museums, and rights management agencies as “memory institutions.” Shared authority information will reduce costs overall. Other objectives for authority control are • to simplify the creation and maintenance of authority records internationally and • to enable users to access information in the language, scripts, and form they prefer or that their local library provides for them. The virtues of authority control have been debated and restated for decades. When we apply authority control in the Web environment, we are reminded how it brings precision to searches, how the syndetic structure of references enables navigation and provides explanations for variations and inconsistencies, how the controlled forms of names and titles and subjects help collocate works in displays, how we can

Apparatus and method for cataloging data

Abstract: A method of cataloging data is provided. The method includes identifying a data source having data representative of a web page, reading, from the data source, source code representative of the text displayed to a viewer of the web page, identifying, based on the source code, whether at least a portion of the data source corresponds to a predetermined search category, and cataloging the data source in accordance with the identifying. An automatic cataloging device is also provided. The automatic cataloging device includes a data storage device and a processor. The processor of the automatic cataloging device obtains an address of a web page having data from the data storage device, reads source code from the web page, identifies data from the source code that corresponds to a predetermined search category, and saves data related to the corresponding data in a predefined category within the data storage device.

E-Books and New Library Service Models: An Analysis of the Impact of E-Book Technology on Academic Libraries.

Abstract: This article will analyze the implications of e-book technology on academic libraries. Although we are at a very early stage of e-book evolution, business models, standards, and supporting technology are under development that will dramatically affect libraries and librarians. Librarians and administrators therefore must understand thoroughly these trends in order to apply effectively the resulting innovations within their institutions. As Martrell states, "... librarians must begin to design an imaginative, easily identifiable space in cyberspace as the centrality of the library as a physical phenomenon slowly fades."[1] Improving library service by extrapolation from existing services, doing the same things faster and better, will provide incremental improvements but will not move us quickly to that "identifiable space" of which Martrell writes. Effectively introducing e-books into a library has significant implications on our users, our existing services, and how we do business. The capabilities and the limitations of the e-book and related technologies therefore are used in this article to provide a framework for examining the implications of this technology on service in academic libraries. It is the author's view that we must understand not only the technology but also the end-to-end process that will transform the capabilities of the technology into an effective service. An example will help illustrate how we cannot just "plug-in" a digital innovation into existing services without addressing the broader process and technological environment. An Example--Large Digital Objects Most university libraries are beginning to amass a sizable collection of digital materials that include e-books, dissertations, journal articles, numeric data, and digital maps. [Note: The term "e-book" will be used in this paper to designate the content of the book that is represented in some digital format such as PDF or the XML-based Open eBook Publication Structure.[2] For simplicity, in situations where the context is clear, the term "e-book" also will be used to refer to the reading device. In cases where the context is not clear, "e-book reading device" will be used to refer to the hardware/software platform which is devoid of content.] Much of this digital material comes in the form of what could be called a "large digital object." For purposes of this article, a large digital object is a library information source that is contained in a computer file which is larger than 1.4 MB (i.e., the object won't fit on a diskette). From a user's perspective, these large digital objects are difficult to access and use, given existing processes and technological capabilities within libraries. Recently, a patron came to the reference desk at Rutgers University Libraries (RUL) and asked how she could get a copy of one of the books from EEBO (Early English Books Online--www.lib.umi.com/eebo), a collection of some 125,000 titles from the medieval period that RUL has licensed from Bell and Howell. The EEBO service allows patrons to search and actually download a copy of a book to their local computer. The books are typically in PDF or djvu (www.djvu.com) format and often can be in the order of 10 to 20 MB or larger in size. The choices for this student to "check out" the digital book were: (1) go to her home computer and download the file over a slow voice-grade telephone line; (2) buy a zip disk and then find a public computer at the university that had a zip drive and download the book; or (3) print the book (perhaps several hundred pages) at one of the computer labs on campus. None of these solutions was very satisfactory for the patron. In this advancing digital library era, we are tantalizing our users by offering rapid access to digital sources and simultaneously frustrating them by not providing effective end-to-end processes that enable ease of use. The student scenario described above will occur more frequently as we buy more digital book collections. …

Metadata as a catalyst : Experiments with metadata and search engines in the Internet journal, First Monday

Abstract: This study examines metadata as a means to enhance information retrieval in a suite of seven search engines, AltaVista, Excite, Google, HotBot, InfoSeek, Lycos, and Northern Light. Papers were selected from issues of the Internet-only journal First Monday, and examined by portions of author and title in seven search engines, without metadata. Metatags were then added to these papers and the searches were repeated five months later. Metadata alone did not play a significant role in increasing the likelihood of a given paper being indexed or highly ranked by any specific search engine.

The use of Dublin Core metadata in a structured health resource guide on the internet.

Abstract: The objective of the Catalogue et Index des Sites Medicaux Francophones (CISMeF) [1, 2] is to describe and index the main French-language health resources to assist health professionals in their search for electronic information available on the Internet. CISMeF is a project initiated by the Rouen University Hospital (RUH).* CISMeF began in February 1995 with the creation of the RUH's Website. In December 2000, the number of indexed resources totaled more than 9,700, with an average of fifty-one new sites added each week. CISMeF uses two standard tools for organizing information: the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus from the U.S. National Library of Medicine [3] and the Dublin Core metadata format [4].

Metadata and the Future of Cataloging.

Abstract: This article is a survey of representative metadata efforts comparing them to MARC 21 metadata in order to determine if new electronic formats require the development of a new set of standards. This study surveys the ongoing metadata projects in order to identify what types of metadata exist and how they are used and also compares and analyzes selected metadata elements in an attempt to illustrate how they are related to MARC 21 metadata format elements.

Method and device for cataloging and searching for information

Abstract: A method and a device which provide a concise form for cataloging, finding and filtering stored data, being based also on the notation of emotional traits expressed by the data contained in an archive on which the user works. The emotional traits are displayed analogically and topologically by means of a visualization device.

Seymour Lubetzky : Writings on the Classical Art of Cataloging

Abstract: Preface Introduction Crisis in the Catalog Capital Punishment for Catalogers? Titles: Fifth Column of the Catalog Manual of Descriptive Cataloging Analysis of Current Descriptive Cataloging Practice The Cataloging of Publications of Corporate Authors Cataloging Rules and Principles Comments on Discussion of Cataloging Rules and Principles Development of Cataloging Rules Non-Author Headings: A Negative Theory Panizzi vs. the "Finding Catalog" Some Observations on Revision of the Cataloging Code The Current Revision of ALA Rules Fundamentals of Cataloging Code of Cataloging Rules: Author and Title Entry Smoke Over Revision The Function of the Main Entry in the Alphabetical Catalogue-One Approach On Teaching Cataloging Background and Underlying Principles Principles of Cataloging, Final Report. Idealogy of Bibliographic Cataloging: Progress and Retrogression The Fundamentals of Bibliographic Cataloging and AACR2 The Traditional Ideals of Cataloging and the New Revision On the Use of Form Headings in an Alphabetical Catalog

Word Division in the Transcription of Chinese Script in the Title Fields of Bibliographic Records

Abstract: Recently, the Library of Congress adopted the pinyin Romanization system for transcribing Chinese data in its bibliographic records. In its canonical form, pinyin aggregates Chinese “words” into single linguistic units, but pinyin entries could be constructed following either a monosyllabic or a polysyllabic pattern. Although the former is easier and less costly to implement, the latter method is potentially more beneficial for end-users, as it reduces ambiguity, and generates a much larger variety of indexable terms. The current study investigates if following the polysyllabic method improves retrieval efficiency and effectiveness in item-specific searching within online bibliographic databases. Analysis of the results revealed that aggregation of monosyllables does improve efficiency significantly (p < .05), especially during keyword searches, while effectiveness remains mainly unaffected.

The Thesaurus for Graphic Materials: Its History, Use, and Future

Abstract: SUMMARY The Library of Congress' Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (TGM) is one of the major thesauri used for indexing visual materials. Developed by the Library's Prints and Photographs Division (P&P) in the 1980s, the thesaurus has become an essential tool for numerous libraries, archives, and historical societies that catalog images, in the United States and abroad. This article will trace the history, development, and current use of TGM in P&P and other institutions, and take a look at its future, addressing subject indexing guidelines and principles along the way.

Computer Cataloging of Electronic Journals in Unstable Aggregator Databases: The Hong Kong Baptist University Library Experience

Abstract: The growth and, use of aggregator databases have presented libraries with both new opportunities for collection enhancement and new challenges of bibliographic control. How to integrate full-text electronic journal titles in unstable aggregator databases into a library’s OPAC has been an especially taxing matter for libraries. This article describes the Hong Kong Baptist University Library’s effort to integrate full-text electronic journal titles from three large, unstable aggregator databases into its INNOPAC-based OPAC. The library’s electronic journal computer program (EJCOP) does this in a simple, direct, consistent, and accurate manner and addresses some of the issues elaborated, in the January 2000 Final Report of the Task Group on Journals in Aggregator Databases of the Standing Committee on Automation of the Library of Congress Program for Cooperative Cataloging.

Archival Cataloging and the Internet: The Implications and Impact of EAD

Abstract: SUMMARY Although the emergence of Encoded Archival Description might seem to obviate the necessity of creating MARC cataloging records for archival materials, it is becoming increasingly clear thai the traditionally hierarchical models of archival description are well suited lo the hyperlinked environment of the Internet. Thus, a fully-realized resource discovery mechanism for archival materials should move seamlessly from the very general (e.g., topical headings in catalogs) to the very specific (e.g., item-level descriptions in finding aids or even digital surrogates of items). In such a descriptive apparatus, MARC cataloging serves to provide important mid-level metadata. At the same time, the underlying specifics of these records will need lobereexamined in light of their evolving relationship with encoded finding aids.

A study of current practices of selected libraries in cataloguing electronic journals

Abstract: MARC records and online policy documents of selected libraries were reviewed to study the approaches taken by libraries worldwide to catalogue electronic journals. In general, libraries catalogue those electronic journals that are subscribed by them on priority basis. Most of them annotate the e‐journal to the print record, some prefer to catalogue them separately, while the majority of the libraries adopt both approaches. While most of the libraries studied prefer full record, cataloguing e‐journals separately with a brief record (at least containing MARC fields 245, 500, and 856) that identifies and locates the resource seems to be the best practice.

Taking Advantage of Outsourcing Options: Using Purchased Record Sets to Maximize Cataloging Effectiveness

Abstract: Libraries have downloaded records created by other institutions from bibliographic utilities for many years, but purchasing record sets is often a controversial topic in technical services. However, as fewer staff are expected to manage a rapidly growing number of increasingly complex information resources, technical services departments are called upon to identify their core competencies and delegate operations that fall outside those areas to others. This paper examines the costs and benefits associated with the purchase and loading of record sets. It also establishes criteria for determining when record sets should be considered as an alternative to traditional cataloging.

Book Vendor Records in the OCLC Database

Abstract: This case study is based on a 1998 sample of recently acquired Spanish-language firm-ordered materials, all of which had vendor records in the OCLC database. Vendor records were compared to final fully cataloged records to study differences in the basic bibliographic description fields (1xx, 245, 300, 4xx, 5xx). Identified were the types of errors found in the records and the duplication rate with records already in the database (full LC and member records, partial member records, and other vendors). Both areas are problematic for cataloging units. Secondary research objectives included tracking titles for usable copy cataloging and analyzing the cost impact for typical cataloging workflow. The researchers conclude that the records, though sometimes problematic, are useful. Suggestions are given for areas of improvement.

Integrating Electronic Resources into the Library Catalog: A Collaborative Approach

Abstract: The growing number of electronic resources, along with the desire for a more streamlined virtual presence, was the motivation behind the University of Mississippi Libraries' project to catalog purchased electronic resources. Having completed this project, access to electronic resources is now available only via the web-based library catalog. Success of the project was due, in part, to collaboration between cataloging and systems personnel. Outcomes include a catalog that more accurately reflects library subscriptions, centralization of electronic resource maintenance, and heightened user awareness. B efore discussing the unique set of problems that electronic resources present to catalogers, we must first define "electronic resource." For purposes of this article, the term electronic resource refers to a subscription product available via the Internet. The idea of using the catalog to manage resources over which the library has no physical control is daunting. However, as the nature of library collections changes, so too does the role of the library catalog. From the user standpoint, students and teachers expect to find more and more of the materials they need online and in an easily accessible format. Current literature shows that the issue of access versus ownership of resources is not a new problem. An informal sampling of several academic library web pages and web-based catalogs indicates that, in an attempt to address this issue, they are developing many different ways of providing access to electronic resources. This paper presents how one library changed the role of its web-based catalog from an inventory of materials on the shelves to a more accurate representation of all materials to which the library has access, regardless of physical location. Early methods in offering access to electronic

The CORC experience: survey of founding libraries. Part I

Abstract: This survey, conducted in late 1999, found that CORC founding libraries shared a strong interest in controlling Internet resources and finding ways to catalog such resources quickly. Many cataloged in MARC. Although only a small number of them experimented with Dublin Core, many of them wanted to explore its potential for organizing Internet resources. Other metadata schemes were also used by some libraries. Overall, the founding libraries considered their CORC experience positive, but had several concerns. Their experience suggests that more work is needed to make fast, automated cataloging a reality. Since the findings of this study reflect experience with CORC at the developmental stage, the researchers proposed that CORC usage be monitored to identify trends in organizing Internet resources. A survey of CORC subscribers could be conducted to understand usage patterns and guide CORC’s development and improvement.

Internet resource cataloging: the SUNY Buffalo Libraries’ response

Abstract: Conveys the author’s belief that the cataloging profession is uniquely suited to organize the wealth of information available on the World Wide Web Focuses on the organization at which the author has worked for seven years (Central Technical Services, University Libraries, State University of New York at Buffalo), where she has capitalized on various OCLC‐inspired opportunities to explore Internet cataloging (ie InterCAT and CORC) A list of various procedures that this organization initiated to respond to and embrace Web resources is provided Tries to impress upon the reader the importance of catalogers’ and bibliographers’ organizational skills when coupled with the progressive attitudes of library directors and staff Key to ensuring the future success of bricks and mortar libraries and their employees is a committed response to patrons’ needs and the support of World Wide Web resources in the library catalog Libraries must respond to the twenty‐first century paradigm shift in research methods

A Multilingual Metadata Schema Registry Based on RDF Schema

Abstract: This paper describes a multilingual metadata schema registry which has been developed at the University of Library and Information Science in Tsukuba, Japan. The registry currently has reference translations of Dublin Core Metadata Element Set written in 22 languages, DC Qualifiers and the DCMI Type Vocabulary written in English and Japanese, along with descriptive elements of the Nippon Cataloging Rules. The registry is realized using XML technologies; metadata schemas are expressed in the RDF Schema language, the RDF description is handled by a Java servlet using XSLT stylesheet. This paper shows the functions and the architecture of the registry.

Form Subdivisions: Their Identification and Use in LCSH.

Abstract: Form subdivisions have always been an important part of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. However, when the MARC format was developed, no separate subfield code to identify form subdivisions was defined. Form and topical subdivisions were both included within a general subdivision category. In 1995, the USMARC Advisory Group approved a proposal defining subfield $v for form subdivisions, and in 1999 the Library of Congress (LC) began identifying form subdivisions with the new code. However, there are millions of older bibliographic records lacking the explicit form subdivision coding. Identifying form subdivisions retrospectively is not a simple task. An algorithmic method was developed to identify form subdivisions coded as general subdivisions. The algorithm was used to identify 2,563 unique form subdivisions or combinations of form subdivisions in OCLC's WorldCat. The algorithm proved to be highly accurate with an error rate estimated to be less than 0.1%. The observed usage of the form subdivisions was highly skewed with the 100 most used form subdivisions or combinations of subdivisions accounting for 90% of the assignments. ********** Recent efforts to distinguish between topical and form data are moving Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) closer to a truly faceted subject vocabulary. While form data in LGSH are represented in both form headings and form subdivisions, under the current LC application rules, form data appear in most cases as subdivisions under topical or name headings. In implementing the $v subfield code for form subdivision in the MARC 21 (formerly USMARC) format, a number of issues have come to the fore: * distinction between form and topical subdivisions * combinations of two or more form subdivisions in the same heading string In this article, a method is developed to algorithmically identify form subdivisions lacking explicit form subfield coding. Explicit Coding for Form Subdivisions Form subdivisions have been a part of LCSH since its inception. Beginning in 1906, the Library of Congress issued auxiliary lists of subdivisions that included a section of "General form divisions under subjects." Guidelines on the use of subdivisions, such as those published in the introduction to the eighth edition of Library of Congress Subject Headings (Library of Congress 1975), instructed catalogers to use individual subdivisions either "as a topical subdivision," "as a form subdivision," or "as a form or topical subdivision" under specified types of headings for particular types of materials. Yet when the MARC format for encoding and communicating bibliographic data was developed in the late 1960s, a separate subfield code to identify form subdivisions in subject heading strings was not defined. Form subdivisions were included along with topical subdivisions in a general subdivision category to be coded as $x. In 1991, a conference was convened at Airlie, Va., to consider the role of subdivisions in LCSH. One of the conference's six recommendations was: "The question of whether subdivisions should be coded specifically to improve online displays for end users should be considered ... In particular, the Library of Congress should investigate implementing a separate subfield code for form subdivi sions" (O'Hara Conway 1992). In response, the Library of Congress requested that the ALA Association for Library Collections and Technical Services (ALCTS) Cataloging and Classification Section (CCS) Subject Analysis Committee (SAC) investigate form subdivision coding. Hemmasi, Miller, and Lasater (1999) report on the issues: that SAC identified and studied, including retrospective conversion, varying cataloging practices and user needs across disciplines, no distinct list of form headings, cataloger training, and the redundancy of content in US MARC record elements" (unnumbered). In 1993, SAC recommended that a separate sub field code for form subdivisions be implemented. …

Cataloging Popular Music Recordings

Abstract: SUMMARY This paper provides an overview of the cataloging process for popular music sound recordings, from the initial description of the item to the final assignment of subject headings and name and/or title access points. While isolated aspects of the process have been covered in general elsewhere, little has been written describing the entire process especially as applied to popular music recording cataloging specifically. The paper also briefly discusses useful reference sources for popular music cataloging and problems of indexing and keyword searching as they relate to popular music recordings.

Organizational and Technical Issues in Providing Access to Electronic Journals

Abstract: Remote access electronic journals are now a major part of academic library resources. This paper discusses some of the most important organizational and technical issues in providing access to these journals. Licensing is presented as the most complex organizational issue, requiring special skills in negotiation for and implementation of license agreements with vendors. In terms of technical issues, cataloging and system-related problems are identified and discussed. Discussions of the efforts in harmonizing ISBD(ER) and AACR2R as well as the use of single vs. separate records for electronic journals and their print counterparts are presented. Finally, various approaches to authentication and access management for networked electronic journals are compared.

Outsourcing Authority Control: Experience of the University of Saskatchewan Libraries

Abstract: Authority Control (AC) is an important cataloging function aimed at achieving catalog consistency. It is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. During the 1990s, many North American academic libraries, under budgetary constraints, have tried to outsource AC activities. The Cataloging Department of the University of Saskatchewan Libraries (USL) outsourced its AC activities to the Library Technology Inc. (LTI), a United States-based AC processing vendor. This paper summarizes the experiences gained by USL in this AC project: the decision-making process in the selection of LTI; pre- and post-database clean-up by LTI; and, the current AC activities.

Descriptive metadata strategy for TEI headers: a University of Michigan Library case study

Abstract: The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard was developed for the humanities scholars to encode textual documents for data interchange and analytic research. Its header segment contains rich tag sets, which can sufficiently support library cataloging practice with AACR2 rules and authority control. Presents a strategy that is currently used by the Making of America (MoA) project for transferring complete MARC data created on the library’s online system to the header of the TEI encoded documents. Also describes the cooperation for achieving this task between the Digital Library Production Services (DLPS) and Monograph Cataloging Division at the University of Michigan Library.

Planning an Authority Control Project at a Medium-Sized University Library

Abstract: Authority control is a vital part of providing students and faculty with adequate access to collections in university libraries. Although many large research libraries routinely maintain authority control, small and medium-sized university libraries find it challenging to meet rising user expectations and provide adequate access in an online environment through appropriate authority work. The smaller libraries have to provide persuasive data to demonstrate to their library administrations that tight staffing situations make it difficult to perform in-house maintenance on authority work and keep up with the dynamic and constant changes of new headings for bibliographic records. This article offers a planning process on an authority control project at a medium-sized university library.

Collaboration in CORC

Abstract: SUMMARY OCLC's Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) brings collaboration of the type long practiced by libraries to the description of Internet resources Begun as a research project in 1998, it is now being developed inio a full OCLC service CORC users share a centralized database of resource descriptions accessed and edited through Web browsers Collaboration within the project occurs on a number of levels to allow sharing of information within and among institutions around the world By working closely with an enthusiastic group of interested libraries and librarians, we have concentrated on rapid interactive development while actually running a prototype service Specific features that facilitate collaboration in CORC include Unicode support, strong support for the entry and linking of authority records, and support of multiple metadata formats CORC is closely integrated with existing MARC21 systems, such as OCLC's WorldCat, while also supporting newer metadata formats, such as Dublin Core Th

The Internationalisation of EAD (Encoded Archival Description)

Abstract: (2001). The Internationalisation of EAD (Encoded Archival Description) Journal of the Society of Archivists: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 33-38.