Showing papers on "Catalyst support published in 1969"

Catalytic exhaust purifier

Abstract: A CATALYTIC PURIFIER FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUSTS, DESIGNED TO ELIMINATE EXTERNAL MANIFOLDING TO SEPARATELY HOUSED CATALYST BODIES, HAS A CATALYST SUPPORT EQUIPPED FOR HOUSING A PLURALITY OF CERAMIC CATALYST BLOCKS. IT IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR PURIFY- ING EXHAUSTS OF LARGE DISPLACEMENT ENGINES, E.G., THOSE EXCEEDING 400 IN.3/CYCLE.

Highly calcined support for catalytic dehydrogenation

Abstract: Alkanes, cycloalkanes, arylalkanes, and particularly n-butane diluted with steam, are dehydrogenated in the absence of free O2 at high conversion and selectivity to less saturated compounds with a novel highly calcined catalyst support such as alumina, silica, or a Group II aluminate spinel impregnated with a material selected from the group consisting of one or more Group VIII metals, a Group Ia metal, and a tin group metal and mixtures thereof.

Correlation Among Methods of Preparation of Solid Catalysts, Their Structures, and Catalytic Activities*

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the traditional methods of preparation of supported nickel catalyst, such as superhomogeneous coprecipitation (SHCP) method, cation exchange method, palladium on aluminosilicate by complex-ion exchange, palladium on active charcoal, and nickel-phosphorus alloy. The catalytic activity of a solid catalyst, including its selectivity and life, is one of the attributes inherent to this solid substance itself and, therefore, depends on its physical and chemical structures, which are, in turn, governed by the method of preparation of this solid substance. The catalytic reaction on the solid catalyst is a kind of reaction that occurs between the reactant and the catalyst surface and, therefore, the physical and chemical structures of the surface must be among the main controlling factors of the surface reaction. The surface of the solid catalyst is heterogeneous in the geometrical composition of atoms and also in the distribution of surface energy.

Polymerization catalyst system additives

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymerization catalyst which involves impregnating a catalyst support with chromium oxide and a titanium complex formed by reacting a titanium alkoxide a compound selected from the group consisting of R''xSn(OH)m and R''''pB(OH)q in which R'' and R'''' are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and cycloalkyl radicals and combinations thereof.

Regeneration of a coke-deactivated catalyst comprising a combination of platinum, rhenium, halogen and sulfur with an alumina carrier material

Abstract: A deactivated hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, which is a combination of a platinum group component, a rhenium component, a halogen component, and a sulfur component with an alumina carrier material and which has been deactivated by deposition of carbonaceous material thereon during a previous contacting with a hydrocarbon charge stock at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, is regenerated by the sequential steps of: (1) stripping the sulfur therefrom by contacting with a first gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen, H2O, and HCl; (2) purging hydrogen from contact with the catalyst with an inert gas stream; (3) burning carbon from the resulting catalyst at a relatively low temperature with a substantially sulfur-free second gaseous mixture containing relatively small amounts of oxygen, H2O, and HCl; (4) treating the resulting catalyst with the second gaseous mixture at a relatively high temperature; (5) purging oxygen from contact with the catalyst with an inert gas stream; and (6) reducing the resulting catalyst by contacting with a substantially sulfur-free third gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen, H2O, and HCl Key feature of the subject regeneration method involves the use of both H2O and HCl in the gaseous mixtures used in the four major steps thereof (ie, steps (1), (3), (4), and (6)) Furthermore, in all of these steps the mole ratio of H2O to HCl in the gas streams is maintained at a value selected from the range of about 20:1 to about 100:1

Self-igniting burners

Abstract: A self-igniting gas burner which includes, generally, an oxidation catalyst which is supported by means of a gas-permeable catalyst support plate. A mixture of gaseous fuel is supplied to and permeates through the catalyst support plate. In doing so, the gaseous fuel is oxidized to cause combustion. The combustion of the gaseous fuel heats the catalyst support plate which then radiates heat to a load. The hot products of reaction also pass through the catalyst support plate, to heat the load.

High strength catalyst pellets

Abstract: A method of preparing a high strength catalyst pellet is disclosed which comprises calcining particulate ZnO admixed with particulate Al2O3 Additionally, a catalytic process using a prepared high strength catalyst is disclosed

Reforming with a platinum mordenite-alumina catalyst

Abstract: THE CATALYST COMPRISES A GROUP VIII NOBLE METAL, MORDENITE HAVING A SILLICA-TO-AMUMINA RATIO OF AT LEAST 19:1, AND AN ADSORBENT REFRACTORY INORGANIC OXIDE. THE PREFERRED GROUP VIII NOBLE METAL IS PLATINUM; THE PREFERRED REFRACTORY INORGANIC OXIDE IS A CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE ALUMINA. THE MORDENITE HAS A SILLICA-TO-ALUMINA RATIO OF LESS THAN 45:1. THE PROCESSES IN WHICH THE CATALYST IS EMPLOYED ARE PROCESSES FOR REFORMING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS.

Catalytic production of olefin polymers

Abstract: A Ziegler-type polymerization catalyst comprising a first catalyst component containing a transition metal compound and a second catalyst component containing an organometallic compound, which first catalyst component contains a silicon compound. Preparation of the first catalyst component and production of olefin polymers are also disclosed.

Conversion of inorganic oxides into extrudable binders

Abstract: A METHOD OF RENDERING SOLID SYNTHETIC HYDROUS METAL OXIDES OR MODIFIED NATURAL METAL OXIDES IN THE FORM OF A POWEDER SMALLER THAN ABOUT 20 MESH (TYLER) CONTAINING 1-30 WEIGHT PERCENT WATER AT 1000*F. SUITABLE FOR CATALYSTS, CATALYST BINDER OR CATALYST SUPPORT BY A REHYDRATION PROCESS EMPLOYING LIQUID WATER AND/OR STEAM AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 100*F. FOR AT LEAST 0.25 HOUR EFFECITING A HYDRATION OF 10-80 WEIGHT PERCENT WATER.

The Hydrogenation Catalysts Prepared from Transition Metal Chloride and Triethylaluminum

Abstract: Catalysts composed of anhydrous iron(III) chloride, cobalt(II) chloride, or nickel(II) chloride plus triethylaluminum have been used for the hydrogenation of olefin. The catalytic activity has changed with the Al(C2H5)3/MCln ratio. The optimum ratios for the hydrogenation of styrene have been found to be 1–7 for the iron catalyst, 0.2–1 for the cobalt catalyst, and 0.3–2 for the nickel catalyst. Cyclohexane has been used satisfactorily as a solvent. Tetrahydrofuran could be used for the nickel catalyst, but its presence was unfavorable for the iron and cobalt catalysts. The gas evolved in the reaction of the transition metal chlorides with triethylaluminum has been found to be essentially ethane, and sluggish gas absorption was observed when the atmosphere was switched to hydrogen. Ethylbenzene was formed in the treatment of the catalyst with styrene under nitrogen; the amount increased considerably if the catalyst was pre-treated with hydrogen. Ethane was formed in the hydrogen-treatment of the reaction ...

Regeneration of platinum group metal-alpha alumina catalyst

Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR REGENERATING A HYDROGENATION OF DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST OF A PLATINUM-GROUP METAL ON ALPHA-ALUMINA IS DISCLOSED. THE REACTOR CONTAINING THE CATALYST IS FIRST HEATED WITH AN OXIDIZING GAS TO BURN OFF DEPOSITED CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL. AFTER THE BURNING, THE CATALYST IS COOLED AND WASHED WITH LIQUID PHASE WATER FOR A TIME SUFFICIENT TO REMOVE IMPURITIES. THIS BURN AND WATER-WASH REGENERATION PROCEDURE CAN RESTORE THE CATALYST ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY TO SUBSTANTIALLY VIRGIN LEVELS.

Process for preparing phosphorous containing polymers

Abstract: POLYMERS USFUL AS CATALYST SUPPORT MATERIALS AND CONTAINING PHOSPHINE GROUPS ARE PREPARED BY REACTING A METAL PHOSPHIDE WITH A HALOGEN-CONTAINING POLYMER IN AN INERT SOLVENT. TYPICAL HALOGEN-CONTAINING POLYMERS ARE CHLOROMETHYLATED POLYSTYRENE, BROMINATED POLYBUTADIENE, POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, POLYCHLOROPRENE AND POLY(PARABROMOSTYRENE). THE METAL PHOSPHIDE CAN BY AN ALKALI METAL PHOSPHIDE E.G. POTASSIUM DIPHENYL PHOSPHIDE.

Copoymer catalyst system and product

Abstract: A CATALYST USEFU FOR COPOLYMERIZING ETHYLENE AND A HIGHER ALPHA OLEFIN IS COMPOSED OF AN ALKYL ALUMINUM AND THE REACTION PRODUCT OF, A VANADIUM COMPOUND (SUCH AS VOCL3) AND AN ALKYL TITANAT. RESULTING COPOLYMERS MAY HAVE A VERY HIGH GREEN STRENGTH AS WELL AS OTHER DESIRABLE PROPERTIES.

Processes for grafting vinyl-type compounds to cellulosic materials

Abstract: It has been found that the age of ceric ion/nitric acid redox catalysts has a significant effect on the degree of reactivity of vinyl compounds (such as, for example, acrylonitrile) with cellulosic materials. Whereas, the catalyst complex apparently loses its efficacy with the passage of time, it has been found that by aging the catalyst complex for a period of at least several hours after it is initially prepared (before the catalyst complex is added to the other reactant), a very high degree of catalyst stability, catalyst predictability and catalyst efficacy results.

Hydrocracking catalyst activation treatment

Abstract: A hydrocracking catalyst containing an Iron Group metal on a silica-aluming refractory oxide support is deactivated by contact with water vapor at elevated temperatures. The catalytic activity and stability are improved by treating the catalyst in the presence of sulfide with a gas comprising hydrogen and a fluorine compound at a temperature of about 250* to 550* C.

Hydrodesulfurization process utilizing a catalyst promoted with an alkali metal

Abstract: THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF A HYDROCARBON OIL WITH A CATALYST COMPRISING A SUPPORTED GROUP VI AND GROUP VIII METAL IS IMPROVED BY SODIUM PROMOTION OF THE CATALYST. THE IMPROVED EFFECT IS SUPRISING BECAUSE OVER AN EXTENDED INITIAL STAGE OF THE PROCESS THE SODIUM ACTS AS A CATALYST POISON AND DEPRESSES CATALYST ACTIVITY. HOWEVER, AFTER A PERIOD OF AGING THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION ACITIVTY OF THE SODIUM-PROMOTED CATALYST EMERGES SUPERIOR TO THAT OF THE NON-PROMOTED CATALYST. THE SUPERIOR ACTIVITY OF THE AGED SODIUM-PROMOTED CATALYST IS INEXPLICABLE IN VIEW OF THE FACT THAT THE CARBON, SULFUR AND METALS LAYDOWN ON THE AGED SODIUM-PROMOTED CATALYST IS ABOUT AS HIGH AS ON THE AGED NON-SODIUM-PROMOTED CATALYST.

Oxidative conversion catalyst

Abstract: A CATALYST FOR OXIDATIVE CONVERSION COMPRISING A TIN OXIDE-PHOSPHATE COMPLEX IN COMBINATION WITH A NONPOROUS SILICA CATALYST SUPPORT HAVING AN AVERAGE ULTIMATE PARTICLE DIAMETER OF LESS THAN 1 MICRON, A SURFACE AREA WITHIN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 1 TO 1500 SQUARE METERS PER GRAM AND A DENSITY OF LESS THAN ABOUT 0.2 GRAM PER CUBIC CENTIMETER, THE COMPLEX BEING PREPARED BY IMPREGNATING THE CARRIER WITH STANNOUS SULFATE, DRYING, CONTACTING THE IMPREGNATED CARRIER WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID AND CALCINING.

Performance of fixed bed reactors with catalyst fouling

Abstract: In many chemical processes such as cracking and dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons on solid catalyst, the activity of catalyst gradually decreases as the reaction proceeds. These decreases are often caused by deposition of a carbonaceous substance (coke) which is formed by reactions parallel or consecutive to the main reaction. Fouled catalyst may be regenerated by burning off the carbonaceous product, usually with air. In this paper, the mechanisms of coke formation are studied for dehydrogenation of n-butane over alumina-chromia catalyst, and the rate of reaction and of catalyst fouling are determined. The effects of catalyst fouling on the overall efficiency of fixed bed reactors are analyzed with an analogue computer. The concept of the average activity (the fraction of effective catalyst to the total amount of catalyst) is proposed as a satisfactory index in deciding the end point of the reaction period for regeneration.

Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of ketones with improved supported gold catalyst

Abstract: An improvement is provided in a process in which ketones and mixtures of ketones and alcohols having at lest one pair of hydrogen atoms on the alpha and beta carbon atoms are oxidatively dehydrogenated to the corresponding ethylenically unsaturated ketone by contacting the ketone and molecular oxygen-containing gas with a catalyst containing a metal of Group IB (Cu, Ag, Au) in the vapor phase (400 DEG -750 DEG C.). The catalyst can be a Group IB metal or oxysalt and can be on a support. Gold and supported gold catalysts are particularly preferred. The improvement is in obtaining high selectivity by the use of a supported gold catalyst (1-50 percent gold) in which the support is a clear, transparent, single crystal alpha-alumina having at least 50 percent and preferably 75 percent of its surface area covered with gold.

Catalyst and catalyst carrier composition

Abstract: SPINEL ANDCALCIUM ZIRCONATE BONDED ZIRCONIA SHAPES ARE AN IMPROVED CATALYST CARRIER FORCATALYSTS SUCH AS CO-COO FOR USE IN STEAM REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS.