Showing papers on "Catalyst support published in 1983"

Ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum, cobalt and chromium

Abstract: An improved ternary noble metal-containing, alloy catalyst which has a catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen greater than two and one-half times that of the supported unalloyed noble metal alone. In addition, a disclosure of the method of preparing said catalyst is by intimately contacting two metallic elements with a supported noble metal, then heating this material to form the ternary alloy catalyst. This catalyst has particular utility for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen which makes it particularly useful as a cathode in acid fuel cells. The preferred embodiment of this catalyst is finely divided platinum alloyed with chromium and cobalt supported on an electrically conductive carbon-black support material.

Infrared studies of Ni held at low concentrations on γ-alumina supports

Abstract: On a realise des etudes infrarouge, en utilisant le CO et NO adsorbe comme etalon, sur du Nickel a des concentrations inferieures a 1% sur des supports de grande surface d'alumine γ. Apres reduction de l'alumine pure le Ni donne lieu a des interactions fortes avec le support, donnant des bandes CO dans le domaine 2090-2115 cm −1

The Effect Of Preparation Method Upon The Structures, Stability And Metal/Support Interactions In Nickel/Alumina Catalysts

Abstract: This paper considers the factors which affect the structure of a typical co-precipitated catalyst. The structure at each stage in the preparation of a co-precipitated Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is described and is shown to be the result of a competition between inherited disorder and a thermal ordering process. This accounts for the paracrystalline nature of the nickel and very extensive metal/support interaction in the final catalyst, and for the differences between catalysts made by co-precipitation and by other methods such as impregnation. Some implications concerning the structure of co-precipitated catalysts in general are suggested.

Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide: Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol from Synthesis Gas

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Because of the variety of catalyst responses to pressure, temperature, promoter levels, catalyst concentration, and other factors, a direct comparison of activities among different catalysts is not entirely meaningful. In general terms, it can be concluded that rhodium-based catalysts have shown the highest activity and selectivity to ethylene glycol. Halide-promoted ruthenium catalysts are found to possess comparable or even greater overall activities for synthesis gas conversion under similar conditions, but with rates and selectivities to the ethylene glycol product generally lower than for rhodium catalysts. Unpromoted ruthenium catalysts show relatively low activities, and very low selectivities to ethylene glycol. Cobalt catalysts appear to possess an inherent activity for synthesis gas conversion similar to that of unpromoted ruthenium catalysts under comparable conditions, but this activity is somewhat limited by the lower temperature stability limit of the cobalt catalyst. The selectivity to ethylene glycol found for cobalt can be substantial, especially at higher pressures. The chapter also discusses the details of the catalytic mechanism that are certain to be different for the various catalytic systems.

Catalytic Rearrangement of Epoxide Compounds

Abstract: Products formed by rearrangement of epoxide compounds provide useful intermediates in organic syntheses and some of them are valuable as raw materials in the chemical industry. Many studies on the catalytic rearrangement of the epoxides have been made. The reactions which have been used most frequently are homogeneous with acid or base catalysts such as BF3, MgBr2, t-BuOK, or lithium dialkylamides; the acid catalysts form mainly carbonyl compounds (ketone and aldehyde) and the base catalysts in most cases yield allylic alcohols. Recently the heterogeneous reaction over solid catalysts was also investigated, but the catalysts used were just alumina and silica gel, solid acid and base catalysts, and it is very recent that various kinds of the solid acids and bases have been used as catalysts for epoxide isomerization, especially by the authors (Section VI-A). Studies with molten salts are few, and investigations with metal complex and organometal catalysts have just begun.

Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons with a halogen contacting step

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons utilizing a catalyst comprising a platinum group component, an alkali or alkaline earth component and a porous support material. After the catalyst is used to dehydrogenate hydrocarbons it is contacted in a catalyst regeneration zone with a halogen component to produce a regenerated catalyst containing added halogen component, which regenerated catalyst can then be reused to dehydrogenate hydrocarbons. The added halogen component increases the catalyst's activity and stability in the dehydrogenation process.

Nickel catalyst on alumina support

Abstract: The invention provides new catalysts, useful for various hydrogenation reactions, which consist of 5 to 40% (w/w) of nickel upon a transition alumina, in particular gamma alumina support. These catalysts have an active nickel surface area of between 80 and 300, preferably 100-250 m 2 /g of nickel and the nickel crystallites have an average diameter of 1 to 5, preferably 1.5 to 3 nanometers. The nickel crystallites are dispersed for at least 95% in the pores of the alumina.

Hydrothermal activation of acid zeolites with alumina

Abstract: In the process for activating high-silica zeolite catalyst with alumina activating agent wherein a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a silica:alumina ratio greater than 70 and a constraint index of 1 to 12 is contacted with the activating agent at elevated temperature, the improvement which comprises: hydrothermally treating an intimate mixture of zeolite catalyst and an effective amount of activating agent in contact with an aqueous liquid phase under reaction conditions to increase the cracking activity of the catalyst. The activated catalyst product may be produced by hydrothermal treatment of a composite mixture of zeolite and hydrated alumina binder material. The preferred zeolites are acid ZSM-5 type crystalline materials having a silica:alumina ratio of at least 2000:1.

Steam reforming of fuel to hydrogen in fuel cells

Abstract: A fuel cell capable of utilizing a hydrocarbon such as methane as fuel and having an internal dual catalyst system within the anode zone, the dual catalyst system including an anode catalyst supporting and in heat conducting relationship with a reforming catalyst with heat for the reforming reaction being supplied by the reaction at the anode catalyst.

Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst and use thereof

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is disclosed which comprises a combination of a carrier material, a Group VIB metal component and Group VIII metal component wherein said group VIB metal component and said Group VIII metal component are incorporated in said catalytic composite by means of a non-aqueous organic solution of a Group VIB metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound, wherein said non-aqueous organic solution comprises dimethylformamide, formamide, diethylformamide, ethylformamide, methylformamide, pyridine, aniline or toluene and wherein said catalytic composite is calcined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Other embodiments of the present invention describe the use of the catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion and preferred methods of catalyst manufacture.

Indium-containing catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein there is about 0.6 or more wt. %, on an elemental basis, indium present. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

Method in the production of hydrogen peroxide

Abstract: A method in the production of hydrogen peroxide is described, utilizing the so-called anthraquinone process in which alkylated anthraquinones dissolved in organic solvents to form a liquid working solution, are alternately reduced and oxidized. The working solution is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation by contacting it with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The contact with hydrogen is established in a fixed catalyst bed comprising one or more solid catalyst bodies, each of which consists of a thin-walled, coherent, solid body of a structure forming parallel channels through which the working solution and hydrogen gas are allowed to pass. The channels of the catalyst bed are of equal length and parallel to the direction of flow of the working solution. The catalyst preferably is provided in a thin layer on the walls of the structure, preferably by means of a porous carrier.

Extending zeolite catalyst life for disproportionation by treating with phosphorus and/or steam

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for decreasing catalyst coking and extending the usable catalyst life by pre-treatment of the catalyst with steam and/or a phosphorus-containing compound. Catalysts benefiting from such pre-treatment comprise crystalline zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index, as herein defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12.

Catalyst and support, and their methods of preparation

Abstract: A catalyst support is prepared from a composite comprising alumina and one or more oxides of phosphorus by forming the composite into a shaped support material having at least 0.8 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 0 nm (0 Å) to 120 nm (1,200 Å) and at least 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters of 120 nm (1,200 Å) to 5,000 nm (50,000 Å) and heating said shaped support material in the presence of steam at sufficient elevated temperature, steam pressure, and time period to increase the average pore diameter of said shaped support in the absence of any appreciable reduction in pore volume. A catalyst is prepared by impregnating the steam-treated support with at least one hydrogenating metal. The catalyst can be used suitably in hydrocarbon conversion processes, such as a process for the hydrodemetallization of a hydrocarbon stream containing asphaltenes and a substantial amount of metals.

Platinum and indium-containing catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons

Abstract: A new catalyst for converting hydrocarbons, especially for reforming hydrocarbons, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process using the catalyst as well as a method for making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a platinum group component, a tin component, an indium component and a halogen component with a porous support material, wherein the atomic ratio of indium to platinum group component is more than about 1.14. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the catalyst is utilized in the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range to produce a high octane reformate suitable for gasoline blending or a high aromatics content reformate suitable for use as a petrochemical feedstock.

Phosphorus-containing catalyst and catalytic cracking process utilizing the same

Abstract: A phosphorus-containing low alkali metal content zeolitic catalyst made from a clay starting material is provided. The catalyst is obtained by contacting a partially cation exchanged calcined zeolite-containing catalyst with a dihydrogen phosphate anion or a dihydrogen phosphite anion. A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process utilizing the phosphorus-containing catalyst is also provided.

Catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one alkaline earth metal-containing spinel, and at least one rare earth metal component associated with the spinel; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone. Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.

Hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones with molecular hydrogen using iron pentacarbonyl as catalyst precursor

Abstract: The hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones with molecular hydrogen is catalyzed by Fe(CO)5 as catalyst precursor if a tertiary amine is used as solvent. The actual catalyst system is probably HFe(CO)4− and the protonated amine. The amine also functions as a base and therefore more strongly basic amines like Et3N yield more active catalysts. Oxygen bases (even strong ones) furnish rather inefficient catalyst systems.

Catalytic cracking catalyst of nitrogen oxide and use thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE: To remove nitrogen oxide in good stability by bringing the titled catalyst, which has a specific lattice plane interval and prepared by containing a copper ion in crystalline aluminosilicate having a specific SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mol ratio, into contact with nitrogen-oxide-containing gas. CONSTITUTION: In a method for removing nitrogen oxide from nitrogen oxide- containing gas, a catalyst, which has a specific value (e.g., 11.1±0.3,W) as a lattice plane interval (d-value) in powder X-ray diffraction and prepared by containing a copper ion in crystalline aluminosilicate of which the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mol ratio is 20W100, is brought into contact with nitrogen oxide-containing gas. This catalyst is obtained by exchanging the cation in zeolite being a catalyst substrate having a specific structure with the copper ion. This copper ion exchange ratio is pref. 40W100%. This catalyst has high steady activity as a catalytic cracking catalyst of NO and keep its activity as it is even in the coexistence of SOX. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Process for catalyst preparation for the hydrodemetallization of heavy crudes and residues

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrotreatment of heavy crudes and residues and a method for the preparation thereof are claimed, specifying an amount of Group VIb metallic hydrogenation compound irreversibly absorbed by the silica or alumina extruded support structure surface to be between 0.5 and 3% of the dried and calcined catalyst by weight. The percentage limit on the hydrogenation compound can be achieved by either obtaining a dense alumina support structure having a novel pore diameter distribution, or treating a prior art support with an absorption site restricter such as MgO prior to hydrogenation compound impregnation. Subsequent fabrication steps comprise washing, drying, calcining and presulfurizing. The resultant catalyst has a monolayer of hydrogenating compound deposited on the reaction surface, and interfering compounds such as massive MoO3, Al(MoO4)3 or polymolybdates are not formed. The unimetallic catalyst is demonstrated to be comparable or superior to a bimetallic catalyst employing five times as much hydrogenating metal, and has superior service life due to uniform metal contaminant deposition throughout the catalyst interior.