Topic
Cell activation
About: Cell activation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8870 publications have been published within this topic receiving 399611 citations.
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Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Current Protocols in Immunology is a three-volume looseleaf manual that provides comprehensive coverage of immunological methods from classic to the most cutting edge, including antibody detection and preparation, assays for functional activities of mouse and human cells involved in immune responses, and animal models of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Abstract: Current Protocols in Immunology is a three-volume looseleaf manual that provides comprehensive coverage of immunological methods from classic to the most cutting edge, including antibody detection and preparation, assays for functional activities of mouse and human cells involved in immune responses, assays for cytokines and their receptors, isolation and analysis of proteins and peptides, biochemistry of cell activation, molecular immunology, and animal models of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Carefully edited, step-by-step protocols replete with material lists, expert commentaries, and safety and troubleshooting tips ensure that you can duplicate the experimental results in your own laboratory.Bimonthly updates, which are filed into the looseleaf, keep the set current with the latest developments in immunology methods.The initial purchase includes one year of updates and then subscribers may renew their annual subscriptions.Current Protocols publishes a family of laboratory manuals for bioscientists, including Molecular Biology, Human Genetics, Protein Science, Cytometry, Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.
7,396 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1999
TL;DR: General principles - historical background and overview saccharide structure and nomenclature evolution of glycan diversity protein-glycan Interactions exploring the biological roles of glycans biosynthesis, metabolism, and function.
Abstract: General principles - historical background and overview saccharide structure and nomenclature evolution of glycan diversity protein-glycan Interactions exploring the biological roles of glycans biosynthesis, metabolism, and function - monosaccharide metabolism N-glycans O-glycans glycosphingolipids glycophospholipid anchors proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans other classes of golgi-derived glycans nuclear and cytoplasmic glycosylation the O-GlcNAc modification sialic acids structures common to different types of glycans glycosyltransferases degradation and turnover of glycans glycosylation in "model" organisms glycobiology of plant cells bacterial polysaccharides proteins that recognize glycans - discovery and classification of animal lectins P-type lectins I-type lectins C-type lectins selectins S-type lectins (galectins) microbial glycan-binding proteins glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins plant lectins glycans in genetic disorders and disease - genetic disorders of glycosylation in cultured cells naturally occurring genetic disorders of glycosylation in animals determining glycan function using genetically modified mice glycosylation changes in ontogeny and cell activation glycosylation changes in cancer glycobiology of protozoal and helminthic parasites acquired glycosylation changes in human disease methods and applications - structural analysis and sequencing of glycans chemical and enzymatic synthesis of glycans natural and synthetic inhibitors of glycosylation glycobiology in biotechnology and medicine.
3,001 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that whole Gram-positive bacteria, sPGN and LTA induce the activation of NF-κB in HEK293 cells expressing TLR2 but not in cells expressingTLR1 or TLR4, which identifies TLR 2 as a signal transducer for sPGn and Lta in addition to LPS.
1,811 citations
TL;DR: BLPs were found to induce apoptosis in THP-1 monocytic cells through human Toll-like receptor-2 (hTLR2), which is a molecular link between microbial products, apoptosis, and host defense mechanisms.
Abstract: Apoptosis is implicated in the generation and resolution of inflammation in response to bacterial pathogens. All bacterial pathogens produce lipoproteins (BLPs), which trigger the innate immune response. BLPs were found to induce apoptosis in THP-1 monocytic cells through human Toll-like receptor–2 (hTLR2). BLPs also initiated apoptosis in an epithelial cell line transfected with hTLR2. In addition, BLPs stimulated nuclear factor–κB, a transcriptional activator of multiple host defense genes, and activated the respiratory burst through hTLR2. Thus, hTLR2 is a molecular link between microbial products, apoptosis, and host defense mechanisms.
1,545 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that human TLR9 expression in human immune cells correlates with responsiveness to bacterial deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG)-DNA, and data suggest that hTLR9 conveys CpG-DNA responsiveness to human cells by directly engaging immunostimulating Cpg-DNA.
Abstract: The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family consists of phylogenetically conserved transmembrane proteins, which function as mediators of innate immunity for recognition of pathogen-derived ligands and subsequent cell activation via the Toll/IL-1R signal pathway. Here, we show that human TLR9 (hTLR9) expression in human immune cells correlates with responsiveness to bacterial deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate (CpG)-DNA. Notably “gain of function” to immunostimulatory CpG-DNA is achieved by expressing TLR9 in human nonresponder cells. Transfection of either human or murine TLR9 conferred responsiveness in a CD14- and MD2-independent manner, yet required species-specific CpG-DNA motifs for initiation of the Toll/IL-1R signal pathway via MyD88. The optimal CpG motif for hTLR9 was GTCGTT, whereas the optimal murine sequence was GACGTT. Overall, these data suggest that hTLR9 conveys CpG-DNA responsiveness to human cells by directly engaging immunostimulating CpG-DNA.
1,545 citations