Topic
Cellular compartment
About: Cellular compartment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1082 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53794 citations. The topic is also known as: cell compartmentation.
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TL;DR: It is indicated that AtNudX11 and AtNUDX15(a) function in the hydrolysis of malonyl- CoA in cytosol and succinyl-CoA in the mitochondria, respectively, suggesting their impact not only on CoA biosynthesis but also on various CoA-related pathways such as the TCA cycle.
Abstract: Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential, ubiquitous cofactor in all biological systems, where it acts as the major acyl group carrier in various central metabolic reactions. Although much is known about CoA biosynthesis, it is unclear how the CoA pool is regulated the various cellular compartments. It has been found that the nucleoside diphosphates linked to some moiety X (Nudix) hydrolases, AtNUDX11 and 15, have pyrophosphohydrolase activity toward CoA and its derivatives. In this study we identified two alternatively spliced variants, AtNUDX15 and 15a, produced from the AtNUDX15 gene, and carried out comparative studies of the gene regulation, the kinetic parameters, and the intracellular localization of AtNUDX11, 15, and 15a. The present findings indicate that AtNUDX11 and AtNUDX15(a) function in the hydrolysis of malonyl-CoA in cytosol and succinyl-CoA in the mitochondria, respectively, suggesting their impact not only on CoA biosynthesis but also on various CoA-related pathways such as the TCA cycle.
17 citations
TL;DR: Endocytosis is a transport process which allows cells to interiorize extracellular material and Fusion of the endocytic vesicles with another membrane permits the transport of the contents of the vesicle to another cellular compartment, or to the cell exterior.
Abstract: Endocytosis is a transport process which allows cells to interiorize extracellular material (1). Endocytic vesicles form when segments of the plasma membrane invaginate, pinch off, and enclose a volume of extracellular fluid. Fusion of plasma membrane to plasma membrane seals the neck of the vesicles (2) and the sites from which they invaginate. Fusion of the endocytic vesicle with another membrane permits the transport of the contents of the vesicle to another cellular compartment, or to the cell exterior.
17 citations
TL;DR: The question of whether the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus forms the cell plate must be answered in this way: both endoplasmsic Reticulum and Gol Gi apparatus supply material for growth of the cell Plate.
Abstract: In meristematic cells of the gemma of Riella helicophylla and in young bud cells from the protonema of Funaria hygrometrica the cell plate is formed by fusion of small vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus These spherical vesicles of about 01 μm diameter have an electron dense centre, probably consisting of pectic substances or their precursors The endoplasmic reticulum producing multivesicular bodies participate in cell plate formation too Another cytoplasmic component forming the cell plate are coated vesicles, the origin of which is the Golgi apparatus and perhaps also the endoplasmic reticulum In view of these observations the question of whether the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus forms the cell plate must be answered in this way: both endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus supply material for growth of the cell plate Multivesicular bodies, coated vesicles and other small vesicles of unknown nature participate in the formation of the primary wall
17 citations
TL;DR: The roles of bulk lipids are described throughout the stages of yeast vacuole homotypic fusion, which includes phosphoinositides, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and cholesterol/ergosterol.
17 citations
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The ER, normally low in intracellular cholesterol, has the capacity to act as a sink for endocytosed cholesterol when esterification is blocked and appears to enhance the induction of cellular homeostatic responses.
Abstract: Insight into the effect of exogeneously derived lipoprotein cholesterol on distribution of intracellular membrane cholesterol has been gained from structural studies on normal and Niemann Pick Type C human fibroblasts. Endocytic uptake of LDL enriches Golgi cholesterol in both normal and NPC cells. However, the NPC mutation and treatment of normal cells with progesterone during LDL uptake produces abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes and trans Golgi cisternae. This lysosomal/Golgi block in cholesterol trafficking results in the inability of endocytosed cholesterol to induce cellular homestatic responses. In addition to lysosomes and Golgi the endoplasmic reticulum can also be a site along the intracellular cholesterol transport pathway that becomes a temporary depot for cholesterol. Specific inhibition of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase with S-58035 during endocytic uptake results in a reversable accumulation of cholesterol in membranes of ER. Thus the ER, normally low in intracellular cholesterol, has the capacity to act as a sink for endocytosed cholesterol when esterification is blocked. In contrast to the lysosomal/Golgi cholesterol sequestration, ER accumulation of cholesterol does not compromise but appears to enhance the induction of cellular homeostatic responses.
17 citations