Cellular compartment

About: Cellular compartment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1082 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53794 citations. The topic is also known as: cell compartmentation.

Mechanisms of heat shock response in mammals.

Abstract: Heat shock (HS) is one of the best-studied exogenous cellular stresses. The cellular response to HS utilizes ancient molecular networks that are based primarily on the action of stress-induced heat shock proteins and HS factors. However, in one way or another, all cellular compartments and metabolic processes are involved in such a response. In this review, we aimed to summarize the experimental data concerning all aspects of the HS response in mammalian cells, such as HS-induced structural and functional alterations of cell membranes, the cytoskeleton and cellular organelles; the associated pathways that result in different modes of cell death and cell cycle arrest; and the effects of HS on transcription, splicing, translation, DNA repair, and replication.

Protein kinase CK2 in health and disease: Cellular functions of protein kinase CK2: a dynamic affair.

Abstract: Protein kinase CK2 targets a vast array of substrates located in a number of cellular compartments, making the challenge of discriminating among these substrates a daunting task. However, as a signaling protein, CK2 could be targeted to different cellular compartments in response to various stress stimuli such as heat shock, UV irradiation, hypoxia, DNA damage and viral infections. This review will be focused on the evidence that the dynamic association of CK2 subunits and the substrate-dependent subcellular targeting of the enzyme are a likely point of regulation in response to a variety of signaling events. We propose that in addition to enzymatic substrate recognition, regulated CK2 localization to specific compartments should help to provide the exquisite specificity required for robust signal transduction.

Regulation of intracellular pH in plant cells

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the basic principles of the techniques used for intracellular pH measurement in the main cell compartments—namely, cytoplasm and vacuole Alongwith being both substrate and product in numerous metabolic reactions, protons fulfill the regulatory role of coordinating the activities of enzyme-catalyzed pathways, membrane transport, and other regulators The protons connect cellular compartments and also play important roles in intercellular traffic The sudden pH shifts may impose critical loads on the cells The technical improvements that have been brought about since the previously published reviews are described in the chapter The technique involves the extraction of cell sap and the measurement of its pH with a glass electrode It is used for various types of plant materials The principle of this technique is based on three requirements: the probe molecule is metabolically inert, only the uncharged form is membrane permeant, and the probe is not to change the pH of the respective compartment The distribution of protons within a plant cell appears as a critical element of cell organization and function