Topic
Cellular compartment
About: Cellular compartment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1082 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53794 citations. The topic is also known as: cell compartmentation.
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TL;DR: RexYFP has several advantages over existing NAD(+)/NADH sensors such as smallest size and optimal affinity for different compartments and normalizing the signal of the sensor to the pH changes is a good strategy for overcoming pH-induced artifacts in imaging.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of having an additional source of NADPH in the cell was studied, and two strains were engineered by overexpression of malic enzyme, one of them was overexpressed as its wild-type mitochondrial form, and the other strain was a short form lacking the mitochondrial targeting sequence.
96 citations
TL;DR: Emerging data on how communication between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria can modulate organelle function and determine cellular fate are reviewed.
Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum has a central role in biosynthesis of a variety of proteins and lipids. Mitochondria generate ATP, synthesize and process numerous metabolites, and are key regulators of cell death. The architectures of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria change continually via the process of membrane fusion, fission, elongation, degradation, and renewal. These structural changes correlate with important changes in organellar function. Both organelles are capable of moving along the cytoskeleton, thus changing their cellular distribution. Numerous studies have demonstrated coordination and communication between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. A focal point for these interactions is a zone of close contact between them known as the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), which serves as a signaling juncture that facilitates calcium and lipid transfer between organelles. Here we review the emerging data on how communication between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria can modulate organelle function and determine cellular fate.
95 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest an evolutionarily conserved role of cytosolic monothiol multidomain Grxs in cellular iron metabolism pathways.
Abstract: The mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells handle and distribute the essential micronutrient iron within the cytosol and other cellular compartments are only beginning to emerge. The yeast monothiol multidomain glutaredoxins (Grx) 3 and 4 are essential for both transcriptional iron regulation and intracellular iron distribution. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of iron metabolism differ drastically in fungi and higher eukaryotes, the glutaredoxins are conserved, yet their precise function in vertebrates has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate a crucial role of the vertebrate-specific monothiol multidomain Grx3 (PICOT) in cellular iron homeostasis. During zebrafish embryonic development, depletion of Grx3 severely impairs the maturation of hemoglobin, the major iron-consuming process. Silencing of human Grx3 expression in HeLa cells decreases the activities of several cytosolic Fe/S proteins, for example, iron-regulatory protein 1, a major component of posttranscriptional iron regulation. As a consequence, Grx3-depleted cells show decreased levels of ferritin and increased levels of transferrin receptor, features characteristic of cellular iron starvation. Apparently, Grx3-deficient cells are unable to efficiently use iron, despite unimpaired cellular iron uptake. These data suggest an evolutionarily conserved role of cytosolic monothiol multidomain glutaredoxins in cellular iron metabolism pathways, including the biogenesis of Fe/S proteins and hemoglobin maturation.
95 citations
TL;DR: MAL differs from most previously described agents in that it crosses the plasma membrane and cytosol, and enters cell nuclei where it induces DNA fragmentation through a direct effect at the nuclear level.
93 citations