Topic
Cellular differentiation
About: Cellular differentiation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 90966 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6099252 citations. The topic is also known as: Cellular differentiation & GO:0030154.
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TL;DR: It is reported that a 14-3-3–binding protein, TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), coactivates Runx2- dependent gene transcription while repressing PPARγ-dependent gene transcription, indicating that TAZ functions as a molecular rheostat that modulates MSC differentiation.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a pluripotent cell type that can differentiate into several distinct lineages. Two key transcription factors, Runx2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), drive MSCs to differentiate into either osteoblasts or adipocytes, respectively. How these two transcription factors are regulated in order to specify these alternate cell fates remains a pivotal question. Here we report that a 14-3-3-binding protein, TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), coactivates Runx2-dependent gene transcription while repressing PPARgamma-dependent gene transcription. By modulating TAZ expression in model cell lines, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and primary MSCs in culture and in zebrafish in vivo, we observed alterations in osteogenic versus adipogenic potential. These results indicate that TAZ functions as a molecular rheostat that modulates MSC differentiation.
956 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mesenchymal precursor cells from marrow that are expanded in culture can serve as long-lasting precursors for mesenchcyal cells in bone, cartilage, and lung and suggest that cells may be particularly attractive targets for gene therapy ex vivo.
Abstract: Cells from transgenic mice expressing a human mini-gene for collagen I were used as markers to follow the fate of mesenchymal precursor cells from marrow that were partially enriched by adherence to plastic, expanded in culture, and then injected into irradiated mice. Sensitive PCR assays for the marker collagen I gene indicated that few of the donor cells were present in the recipient mice after 1 week, but 1-5 months later, the donor cells accounted for 1.5-12% of the cells in bone, cartilage, and lung in addition to marrow and spleen. A PCR in situ assay on lung indicated that the donor cells diffusely populated the parenchyma, and reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that the marker collagen I gene was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The results, therefore, demonstrated that mesenchymal precursor cells from marrow that are expanded in culture can serve as long-lasting precursors for mesenchymal cells in bone, cartilage, and lung. They suggest that cells may be particularly attractive targets for gene therapy ex vivo.
953 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that the phosphorylation state of RB protein is modulated during normal cellular events, and time course studies indicate that RB dephosphorylation precedes the total arrest of cell growth during differentiation.
953 citations
TL;DR: This resource enabled us to assess the epigenetic and transcriptional similarity of ES and iPS cells and to predict the differentiation efficiency of individual cell lines, and yields a scorecard for quick and comprehensive characterization of pluripotent cell lines.
952 citations
TL;DR: The ability of MyoD to activate muscle genes in a variety of differentiated cell lines suggests that no additional tissue-specific factors are needed to activate the downstream program for terminal muscle differentiation or that, if such factors exist, they are themselves activated by Myo D expression.
Abstract: MyoD is a master regulatory gene for myogenesis. Under the control of a retroviral long terminal repeat, MyoD was expressed in a variety of differentiated cell types by using either a DNA transfection vector or a retrovirus. Expression of muscle-specific proteins was observed in chicken, human, and rat primary fibroblasts and in differentiated melanoma, neuroblastoma, liver, and adipocyte lines. The ability of MyoD to activate muscle genes in a variety of differentiated cell lines suggests that no additional tissue-specific factors other than MyoD are needed to activate the downstream program for terminal muscle differentiation or that, if such factors exist, they are themselves activated by MyoD expression.
951 citations