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Cellular differentiation

About: Cellular differentiation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 90966 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6099252 citations. The topic is also known as: Cellular differentiation & GO:0030154.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The persistence of the engrafted hMSCs and their in situ differentiation in the heart may represent the basis for using these adult stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty.
Abstract: Background— Cellular cardiomyoplasty has been proposed as an alternative strategy for augmenting the function of diseased myocardium. We investigated the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from adult bone marrow to undergo myogenic differentiation once transplanted into the adult murine myocardium. Methods and Results— A small bone marrow aspirate was taken from the iliac crest of healthy human volunteers, and hMSCs were isolated as previously described. The stem cells, labeled with lacZ, were injected into the left ventricle of CB17 SCID/beige adult mice. At 4 days after injection, none of the engrafted hMSCs expressed myogenic markers. A limited number of cells survived past 1 week and over time morphologically resembled the surrounding host cardiomyocytes. Immunohistochemistry revealed de novo expression of desmin, β-myosin heavy chain, α-actinin, cardiac troponin T, and phospholamban at levels comparable to those of the host cardiomyocytes; sarcomeric organization of the contractile pro...

2,317 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2016-Immunity
TL;DR: This review discusses the mechanisms that instruct macrophages to adopt pro-inflammatory, pro-wound-healing,pro-fibrotic, anti- inflammatory, anti -fib rotic, Pro-resolving, and tissue-regenerating phenotypes after injury, and highlights how some of these mechanisms and macrophage activation states could be exploited therapeutically.

2,284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Osteoblasts/stromal cells can now be replaced with RANKL and M-CSF in dealing with the whole life of osteoclasts, and new ways to treat several metabolic bone diseases caused by abnormal osteoclast recruitment and functions will be established.
Abstract: Osteoblasts/stromal cells are essentially involved in osteoclast differentiation and function through cell-to-cell contact (Fig. 8). Although many attempts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of the so-called "microenvironment provided by osteoblasts/stromal cells," (5-8) it has remained an open question until OPG and its binding molecule were cloned. The serial discovery of the new members of the TNF receptor-ligand family members has confirmed the idea that osteoclast differentiation and function are regulated by osteoblasts/stromal cells. RANKL, which has also been called ODF, TRANCE, or OPGL, is a member of the TNF ligand family. Expression of RANKL mRNA in osteoblasts/stromal cells is up-regulated by osteotropic factors such as 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, PTH, and IL-11. Osteoclast precursors express RANK, a TNF receptor family member, recognize RANKL through cell-to-cell interaction with osteoblasts/stromal cells, and differentiate into pOCs in the presence of M-CSF. RANKL is also involved in the survival and fusion of pOCs and activation of mature osteoclasts. OPG, which has also been called OCIF or TR1, is a soluble receptor for RANKL and acts as a decoy receptor in the RANK-RANKL signaling system (Fig. 8). In conclusion, osteoblasts/stromal cells are involved in all of the processes of osteoclast development, such as differentiation, survival, fusion, and activation of osteoclasts (Fig. 8). Osteoblasts/stromal cells can now be replaced with RANKL and M-CSF in dealing with the whole life of osteoclasts. RANKL, RANK, and OPG are three key molecules that regulate osteoclast recruitment and function. Further studies on these key molecules will elucidate the molecular mechanism of the regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption. This line of studies will establish new ways to treat several metabolic bone diseases caused by abnormal osteoclast recruitment and functions such as osteopetrosis, osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal bone disease.

2,273 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 2001-Cell
TL;DR: Dendritic cells are adept at endocytosis and express relatively low levels of surface MHC class I and II products and costimu-latory molecules, but can take up antigen tive responses critical for resistance to infections and but do not present it efficiently to T cells.

2,268 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023416
2022986
20211,731
20202,011
20192,204