Cellulase

About: Cellulase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16172 publications have been published within this topic receiving 479592 citations. The topic is also known as: cellulase.

Carboxymethylcellulase from Sclerotium rolfsii

Abstract: Publisher Summary Carboxymethylcellulases are predominantly endoglucanases able to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in the soluble, substituted cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). These enzymes, formerly called C x , are important components of the cellulase complex that catalyzes the degradation of crystalline cellulose. This chapter discusses an alternative method for purifying a carboxymethylcellulase from the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii . During hydrolysis of CMC, reducing sugars are generated. Timed samples are withdrawn from the reaction mixture and assayed for reducing sugar using a modification of the improved Somogyi–Nelson method. Samples assayed in this way are used to construct a linear progress curve for the measurement of initial velocity.

Isolation and Screening of Lignocellulolytic Fungi

Abstract: Fresh dung, dung cakes, decomposed straw and rice husk were collected in polythene bags, distilled water was sprinkled to bring the moisture level to 50% and the material exposed to atmospheric temperature (16-20°C). The fruiting bodies of the fungus developed in a week’s time and these fungi were isolated by spore drop, direct streak and tissue culture methods. The qualitative screening of the various fungi was done by determining the cellulase and the phenol oxidase activities. The lignin degradation activity was determined on lignin agar plates. Growth studies were done using CMC as a sole source of carbon. Twelve fungi belonging to the genera Coprinus, Aspergillus, Panaeolus, Eupenicillium, Cladosporium and Fusarium were collected. One of the isolates was identified as Actinomycete. The lignin degradation was highest (37.62%) in case of Cladosporium followed by Actinomycete (34.21%) and Fusarium (31.28%). Other isolates showed a low lignin degradation in a range of 2.86% (Aspergillus) to 18.57% (Eupenicillium). Cellulose azure activity was also highest (0.349 OD) in case of Coprinus cinereus which showed 11.27% lignin degradation. All the isolates were positive for phenol oxidase activity except Eupenicillium, Aspergillus and Actinomycete. The biomass on CMC broth was more in case of Aspergillus (79. 30 mg) followed by Cladosporium (78.00 mg), Panaeolus (77.00 mg) and Coprinus cinereus (53.00 mg). These fungi manifested growth on paddy straw. A positive relation between phenol oxidase activity, lignin degradation on lignin agar plate and growth on paddy straw was evident.

Screening of acidic xylanase producing strain and studies on its enzyme production conditions

Abstract: From 150 fungal strains, the authors found 8 strains contained mainly of xylanase activity over 100 U/mL in which the No 149 strain was the highest xylanase producer Which tentatively identified as Aspergillas niger The appropriate medium composition was as follows: wheat bran hemicellulose 4%; NaNO3 1%; wheat bran 1% prepared in Mandels nutritional solution without (NH4)2SO4 and urea After cultivated in shake-flask at 28 degrees C-32 degrees C for 60 h, the activity reached the highest value of 3572 U/mL The optimum pH of xylanase was 46 and it was stable at pH3-11 The fermented broth of strain 149 contained in addition to xylanase (relative activity 100) also included amylase(18), mannanase(098), beta-xylosidase(094) and cellulase(017)