Topic
Cellulose fiber
About: Cellulose fiber is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10486 publications have been published within this topic receiving 190561 citations. The topic is also known as: cellulose fibre.
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TL;DR: In this article, in situ synthesis of noble metal (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) nanoparticles was carried out under ambient conditions in porous cellulose fibers as nanoreactors.
Abstract: In situ synthesis of noble metal (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) nanoparticles was carried out under ambient conditions in porous cellulose fibers as nanoreactors. Particles of less than 10 nm were readily prepared using the described approach, and monodisperse nanoparticles were obtained under an optimized concentration of the metal precursor solution. The nanoporous structure and the high oxygen (ether and hydroxyl) density of the cellulose fiber constitute an effective nanoreactor for in situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The nanopore is essential for incorporation of metal ion and reductant into cellulose fibers as well as for removal of unnecessary byproducts from fibers. This was endorsed by negligible adsorption of metal ion onto nonporous films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and starch. The ether oxygen and the hydroxyl group not only anchor metal ions tightly in cellulose fibers via ion−dipole interactions, but they also stabilize metal nanoparticles by strong bonding interaction with their surface atoms. The prepa...
546 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was found that the rate of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis is mainly dependent on the fine structural order of the cellulose which can best be represented by the crystallinity rather than the simple surface area.
Abstract: The susceptibility of cellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis is affected by the structural features of cellulosic materials. It has been suggested that the crystallinity and surface area of cellulose fibers are the most important structural features in this regard. This study investigated in depth the relative effects of these two structural features upon the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and the change of the structural parameters of cellulose during the course of hydrolysis. It was found that the hydrolysis rate is mainly dependent upon the fine structural order of cellulose which can best be represented by the crystallinity rather than the simple surface area. Monitoring the changes in the structural parameters during the course of reaction showed that surface area is not a major limiting factor that slows hydrolysis in its late stages as has been suggested. This information concerning structural features is used to elucidate the mode of action of cellulase.
538 citations
TL;DR: This work explores the use of fibrillated cellulose in the fabrication of materials ranging from composites and macrofibres, to thin films, porous membranes and gels, and discusses research directions for the practical exploitation of these structures.
Abstract: Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, found in trees, waste from agricultural crops and other biomass The fibres that comprise cellulose can be broken down into building blocks, known as fibrillated cellulose, of varying, controllable dimensions that extend to the nanoscale Fibrillated cellulose is harvested from renewable resources, so its sustainability potential combined with its other functional properties (mechanical, optical, thermal and fluidic, for example) gives this nanomaterial unique technological appeal Here we explore the use of fibrillated cellulose in the fabrication of materials ranging from composites and macrofibres, to thin films, porous membranes and gels We discuss research directions for the practical exploitation of these structures and the remaining challenges to overcome before fibrillated cellulose materials can reach their full potential Finally, we highlight some key issues towards successful manufacturing scale-up of this family of materials
517 citations
TL;DR: In this article, wheat straw was mechanically defibrillated using a laboratory-scale mechanical refiner before and after fungal retting and fiber characteristics such as physico-chemical and mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and thermal properties of the resultant fibers were measured in order to explore the possibilities of using the fibers as reinforcing materials.
486 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ultrastructure of cellulose nanofibers is investigated by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in terms of crystallinity, and reinforced composite films comprising 90% polyvinyl alcohol and 10% nanofiber are also prepared.
Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers are obtained from various sources such as flax bast fibers, hemp fibers, kraft pulp, and rutabaga, by chemical treatments followed by innovative mechanical techniques. The nanofibers thus obtained have diameters between 5 and 60 nm. The ultrastructure of cellulose nanofibers is investigated by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The cellulose nanofibers are also characterized in terms of crystallinity. Reinforced composite films comprising 90% polyvinyl alcohol and 10% nanofibers are also prepared. The comparison of the mechanical properties of these composites with those of pure PVA confirmed the superiority of the former.
480 citations