Topic
Cellulose
About: Cellulose is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 59060 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1419643 citations. The topic is also known as: Hydroxycellulose & Pyrocellulose.
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TL;DR: Recent advances in the various biological treatments that can turn these three lignicellulose biopolymers into alternative fuels are reviewed and biotechnological innovations based on natural delignification and applied to pulp and paper manufacture are outlined.
Abstract: In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; therefore, their recycling is indispensable for the carbon cycle. Each polymer is degraded by a variety of microorganisms which produce a battery of enzymes that work synergically. In the near future, processes that use lignocellulolytic enzymes or are based on microorganisms could lead to new, environmentally friendly technologies. This study reviews recent advances in the various biological treatments that can turn these three lignicellulose biopolymers into alternative fuels. In addition, biotechnological innovations based on natural delignification and applied to pulp and paper manufacture are also outlined.
1,559 citations
TL;DR: Never-dried native celluloses (bleached sulfite wood pulp, cotton, tunicin, and bacterial cellulose) were disintegrated into individual microfibrils after oxidation mediated by the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical followed by a homogenizing mechanical treatment.
1,540 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of the elemental analysis with that obtained by different spectroscopic techniques (infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and XPS) have been inferred that, from a chemical point of view, the solid product consists of small clusters of condensed benzene rings that form stable groups with oxygen in the core.
1,526 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dissolution of cellulose with ionic liquids and its application were reviewed, where cellulose can be easily regenerated from its ionic liquid solutions by addition of water, ethanol or acetone.
1,488 citations
TL;DR: A review of the information gathered on cellulose structure over the last few decades can be found in this paper, where the authors attempt to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on the structure of native cellulose.
Abstract: This article attempts to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject
1,460 citations