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Cellulose

About: Cellulose is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 59060 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1419643 citations. The topic is also known as: Hydroxycellulose & Pyrocellulose.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: After mechanical treatments of cryocrushing, disintegration and defibrillation, the thermal properties of the nanofibers were studied by the TGA technique and found to increase dramatically and is reasonably promising for the use of these nanofiber types in reinforced-polymer manufacturing.

1,431 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Progress in developing CBP-enabling microorganisms is being made through two strategies: engineering naturally occurring cellulolytic microorganisms to improve product-related properties, such as yield and titer, and engineering non-cellulolytic organisms that exhibit high product yields and titers to express a heterologous cellulase system enabling cellulose utilization.

1,408 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Increased acid-to-pulp ratio reduced the dimensions of the nanocrystals thus produced and the critical concentration was increased and the biphasic range became narrower; a suspension made from a bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp gave very similar properties to the softwood nanocrystal suspension when prepared under similar hydrolysis conditions.

1,406 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study of cellulolytic enzymes at the molecular level has revealed some of the features that contribute to their activity and an increasing number of three-dimensional structures are becoming available for cellulases and xylanases belonging to different families, which will provide paradigms for molecular modeling of related enzymes.
Abstract: Cellulolytic microorganisms play an important role in the biosphere by recycling cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate produced by plants. Cellulose is a simple polymer, but it forms insoluble, crystalline microfibrils, which are highly resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. All organisms known to degrade cellulose efficiently produce a battery of enzymes with different specificities, which act together in synergism. The study of cellulolytic enzymes at the molecular level has revealed some of the features that contribute to their activity. In spite of a considerable diversity, sequence comparisons show that the catalytic cores of cellulases belong to a restricted number of families. Within each family, available data suggest that the various enzymes share a common folding pattern, the same catalytic residues, and the same reaction mechanism, i.e. either single substitution with inversion of configuration or double substitution resulting in retention of the β-configuration at the anomeric carbon. An increasing number of three-dimensional structures is becoming available for cellulases and xylanases belonging to different families, which will provide paradigms for molecular modeling of related enzymes. In addition to catalytic domains, many cellulolytic enzymes contain domains not involved in catalysis, but participating in substrate binding, multi-enzyme complex formation, or possibly attachment to the cell surface. Presumably, these domains assist in the degradation of crystalline cellulose by preventing the enzymes from being washed off from the surface of the substrate, by focusing hydrolysis on restricted areas in which the substrate is synergistically destabilized by multiple cutting events, and by facilitating recovery of the soluble degradation products by the cellulolytic organism. In most cellulolytic organisms, cellulase synthesis is repressed in the presence of easily metabolized, soluble carbon sources and induced in the presence of cellulose. Induction of cellulases appears to be effected by soluble products generated from cellulose by cellulolytic enzymes synthesized constitutively at a low level. These products are presumably converted into true inducers by transglycosylation reactions. Several applications of cellulases or hemicellulases are being developed for textile, food, and paper pulp processing. These applications are based on the modification of cellulose and hemicellulose by partial hydrolysis. Total hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose, which could be fermented into ethanol, isopropanol or butanol, is not yet economically feasible. However, the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases provides an added incentive for the development of processes generating fuels from cellulose, a major renewable carbon source.

1,327 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new and highly efficient direct solvent, 1-allyl-3methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl), has been used for the dissolution and regeneration of cellulose.
Abstract: A new and highly efficient direct solvent, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl), has been used for the dissolution and regeneration of cellulose. The cellulose samples without any pretreatment were readily dissolved in AMIMCl. The regenerated cellulose materials prepared by coagulation in water exhibited a good mechanical property. Because of its thermostable and nonvolatile nature, AMIMCl was easily recycled. Therefore, a novel and nonpolluting process for the manufacture of regenerated cellulose materials using AMIMCl has been developed in this work.

1,307 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20233,600
20227,190
20212,620
20202,918
20193,191