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Central composite design
About: Central composite design is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 94530 citations.
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TL;DR: A review about the application of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of analytical methods is presented and the theoretical principles and steps for its application are described to introduce readers to this multivariate statistical technique.
4,338 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted removal of Auramine-O (AO) dye from aqueous solutions using ZnS:Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (ZnS-Cu-NP-AC) as an adsorbent was investigated.
Abstract: This research is focused on the ultrasound-assisted removal of Auramine-O (AO) dye from aqueous solutions using ZnS:Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (ZnS:Cu-NP-AC) as an adsorbent. ZnS:Cu nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using FESEM (Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The experiments were designed by response surface methodology. A quadratic model was used to predict the variables. Analysis of variance was used for investigation of variables and interaction between them. High F-value (48.91), very low P-value (<0.00001), non-significant lack of fit, and the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.977) demonstrate good correlation between experimental and predicted values of the response. The highest removal percent attained was 99.76%, and the optimum parameters achieved are: adsorbent amount (0.02 g), initial dye concentration (20 mg L−1), sonication time (3 min) and pH = 7. Adsorption processes of AO by ZnS:Cu-NP-AC could be well described by a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of AO by ZnS:Cu-NP-AC was determined as 183.15 mg g−1, suggesting a highly promising potential for ZnS:Cu-NP-AC to be used as a new adsorbent.
637 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to degrade aniline in the synthetic effluent by homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process under the batch and continuous operating conditions.
517 citations
TL;DR: Medium containing olive oil appears to a better medium for fermentative production of C. cylindracea lipase than yeast extract, malt extract, peptone and tween 80, based on experimental conditions.
484 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results obtained emphasize that the response of metabolites was a more useful indicator than hydrogenic activity for obtaining efficient hydrogen production, and expressions of contour plots indicate that Response‐Surface Methodology may provide easily interpretable advice on the operation of a hydrogen‐producing bioprocess.
Abstract: The pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a chemostat reactor were varied according to a central composite design methodology with the aim of modeling and optimizing the conversion of starch into hydrogen by microorganisms in an anaerobic digested sludge. Experimental results from 23 runs indicate that a maximum hydrogen production rate of 1600 L/m(3)/d under the organic loading rate of 6 kg starch m(3)/d obtained at pH = 5.2 and HRT = 17 h. Throughout this study, the hydrogen percentage in the biogas was approximately 60% and no methanogenesis was observed. while the reactor was operated with HRT of 17 h, hydrogen was produced within a pH range between 4.7 and 5.7. Alcohol production rate was greater than hydrogen production rate if the pH was lower than 4.3 or higher than 6.1. Supplementary experiments confirm that the optimum conditions evaluated in this study were highly reliable; while a hydrogen production yield of 1.29 l H(2)/g starch-COD was obtained. An examination of the response surfaces, including hydrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and alcohols production, led us to the belief that clostridium sp. predominated in the anaerobic hydrogen-producing microorganisms in this study. Experiment results obtained emphasize that the response of metabolites was a more useful indicator than hydrogenic activity for obtaining efficient hydrogen production. Furthermore, expressions of contour plots indicate that Response-Surface Methodology may provide easily interpretable advice on the operation of a hydrogen-producing bioprocess.
475 citations