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Cephidae
About: Cephidae is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 125 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1783 citations.
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TL;DR: The phylogeny proposed here supports the hypothesis that the appearance of parasitism in the Hymenoptera took place in the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita, the host of which was probably wood boring insect larvae.
Abstract: A cladistic analysis of the lower Hymenoptera, including all the ‘symphytan’ families and the apocritan families Stephanidae, Megalyridae, Trigonalyidae, Ibaliidae, Vespidae and Gasteruptiidae, has been undertaken. A total of 98 characters were scored for 21 taxa. Twenty equally parsimonious minimum-length trees were obtained. The phylogenetic status of the Xyelidae is uncertain: they might be monophyletic. or the Xyelinae might be the sistergroup of the rest of the Hymenoptera. The non-xyelid Hymenoptera are probably monophyletic; the phylogeny Tenthredinoidea + (Megalodontoidea + (Cephidae + (Anaxyelidea + (Siricidae + (Xiphydriidae + (Orussidae + Apocrita)))))) is proposed for this clade. The Blasticotomidae are probably the sistergroup of all othe Tenthredinoidea, but tenthredinoid phylogeny is otherwise uncertain. Substantial homoplasy occurs within the ‘siricoid’ families, making the relative positions of the Anaxyelidae and Siricidae uncertain. The Stephanidae might be the sistergroup of the rest of the Apocrita; the phylogeny of the remaining apocritan taxa included is insufficiently elucidated. The phylogeny proposed here supports the hypothesis that the appearance of parasitism in the Hymenoptera took place in the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita, the host of which was probably wood boring insect larvae. The exact larval mode of feeding of the ancestral hymenopteran cannot be determined due ot the diversity of lifestyles in the basal lineages of the order.
91 citations
73 citations
TL;DR: The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, continues to be a threat to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains and winter wheat has also recently come under attack.
Abstract: The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, continues to be a threat to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. Winter wheat has also recently come under attack. Losses from lodging can be reduced by early harvest of heavily infested fields. Infestations can be detected by the presence of dark stem spots which are caused by boring larvae. Head weights of infested winter wheat plants were reduced by 2.8-10%. Infestation rates were higher in larger diameter stems, which also could produce the heaviest heads. Solid-stemmed wheat lines were less vulnerable to larval damage.
68 citations
TL;DR: Solid-stemmed spring wheat cultivars have been used since 1945 to reduce losses caused by the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, but currently are attacked, but infestation rates, plant damage, and yield loss are lower than in hollow- stemmed cultivars.
Abstract: Solid-stemmed spring wheat cultivars have been used since 1945 to reduce losses caused by the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton. Solid-stemmed wheats currently are attacked, but infestation rates, plant damage, and yield loss are lower than in hollow-stemmed cultivars. Stem solidness had no effect on parasitism rates by two prevalent Bracon species. C. cinctus larvae usually were unable to tunnel downward through solid stems to reach preferred underground regions for overwintering. Larvae did not survive over winter above ground.
63 citations
TL;DR: Eight families of Symphyta for the Western Hemisphere south of the United States are reviewed and three new combinations and six new synonyms are proposed.
Abstract: Eight families of Symphyta for the Western Hemisphere south of the United States are reviewed: Xyelidae (one genus, two species), Pamphiliidae (one genus, four species), Cimbicidae (five genera, nine species), Diprionidae (three genera, thirteen species), Xiphydriidae (four genera, seventeen species), Siricidae (six genera, nine species), Orussidae (five genera, twelve species), and Cephidae (one genus, one species). New taxa are Acantholyda nigrostigmata (Pamphiliidae); Zadiprionfalsus, Neodiprion bicolor, N.equalis, N.omosus (Diprionidae); Derecyrta circularis, Steirocephala lateralba (Xiphydriidae); Sirotremex, S.flammeus (Siricidae); and Ophrynopus depressatus, O.plaumanni (Orussidae). Lopesiana is a new name for Lopesia Conde (Cimbicidae). Three new combinations and six new synonyms are proposed. The Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Diprionidae, Siricidae and Cephidae are primarily northern groups with southern extensions into Mexico, Central America and/or Cuba. The Cimbicidae, Xiphydriidae and Orussidae are more generally distributed throughout the neotropics. Keys to families, genera and species are provided.
60 citations