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Showing papers on "Chamber pressure published in 1971"


Patent
J Hyer1
17 Sep 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a fluidic proximity sensor particularly adapted to sense clearance between gas turbine engine compressor blade tips and adjacent wall of a compressor housing is used to measure the radial clearance between the compressor blade tip and adjacent housing wall.
Abstract: A fluidic proximity sensor particularly adapted to sense clearance between gas turbine engine compressor blade tips and adjacent wall of a compressor housing. In one embodiment, there is provided an air flow passage having a chamber with an inlet and a restricted outlet in series flow relationshp. The inlet receives compressor pressurized air and is arranged in a predetermined relatively close spaced-apart relationship with a compressor blade tip which sweeps the inlet to vary the effective flow area thereof. The resulting pressure pulses are integrated in the chamber and the resulting pressure compared to a regulated reference fluid pressure by means of a pressure differential responsive device, the output of which represents the radial clearance between the compressor blade tips and adjacent housing wall. In another embodiment, a second air flow passage connected in parallel flow with the above-mentioned air flow passage is provided with a pair of series flow restrictions between which a reference pressure is generated. The inlet to the second passage is not affected by the compressor blade tips. The reference pressure is compared to the chamber pressure representing the radial clearance between the compressor blade tips and adjacent wall.

25 citations


Patent
22 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a fuel ignition system and a flow switch are described, and a permanent magnet is connected to the diaphragm to actuate the switch when there is a very small inlet-to-outlet flow of fuel.
Abstract: A fuel ignition system and a flow switch therefor which can be used for leak detection and otherwise. Upon detection of the flow, ignitor elements in the system are heated to cause combustion of the fuel at the point of release of the fuel in the system. The flow switch includes a diaphragm which separates a pressure chamber from the outlet side of the system. The inlet side is connected to the pressure chamber to cause the chamber pressure to be the same as that on the inlet side. A permanent magnet is connected to the diaphragm and is responsive to a pressure differential between the inlet side and the outlet side to actuate the switch when there is a very small inlet-to-outlet flow of fuel. Also connected to the diaphragm is a stem for actuating the main valve connecting the inlet side of the system to the outlet. The main valve permits fuel to flow through the switch with a very small pressure drop across the switch. The stem and main valve have a lost motion connection therebetween to insure positive closing of the valve and positive engagement of the permanent magnet with the switch casing.

18 citations


Patent
13 Sep 1971
TL;DR: An orificed pressure vessel has a combustion chamber adjacent the orifice and a propellant charge in the remainder thereof comprising wafer segments of propellant separated from each other by combustion barriers as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An orificed pressure vessel has a combustion chamber adjacent the orifice and a propellant charge in the remainder thereof comprising wafer segments of propellant separated from each other by combustion barriers; an electric igniter adjacent each propellant wafer has a thermally operated, normally open switch, so that the circuit is closed for each igniter as the adjacent wafer is burned; a pressure transducer in communication with the combustion chamber operates a master switch connected in series with the igniters and an electrical energy source to close the entire circuit or open it in response to a predetermined maximum and minimum chamber pressure; and valve means on the orifice permits withdrawal of gases from the combustion chamber for use as desired. Optional equipment includes a pressure relief valve in the combustion chamber and a capacitor connected in parallel between the energy source and the igniters.

17 citations


Patent
08 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage refrigeration system including a condensor, a receiver, an evaporator, a low-stage dry-wall compressor and a high stage drywall compressor is presented, with an oil-draining assembly for automatically draining oil from the suction chamber to the crankcase chamber.
Abstract: A two-stage refrigeration system including a condensor, a receiver, an evaporator, a low-stage dry-wall compressor and a high-stage dry-wall compressor, the low-stage compressor including an oil-draining assembly for automatically draining oil from the suction chamber to the crankcase chamber, and a pressure-equalizing connection between the suction chamber and the crankcase chamber, the high-stage compressor having an oildraining assembly for automatically draining oil from the highstage suction chamber to the high-stage crankcase chamber, and a pressure connection between the high-stage crankcase chamber and the low-stage crankcase chamber; and a pressure-responsive regulating valve interposed in the connection between the highstage crankcase chamber and the low-stage crankcase chamber, the pressure-responsive valve being connected to respond to the highstage suction chamber pressure to maintain a predetermined pressure differential of one pound per square inch between the high-stage suction chamber and the high-stage crankcase chamber.

17 citations


Patent
12 Nov 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a system for supplying a substantially uniform combustible fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine includes a compressed air supply line and a compressed fuel gas supply line, each having a first end connected to its respective pressurized supply, a metering orifice portion, and a second end connected with an appropriate part of the engine.
Abstract: A system for supplying a substantially uniform combustible fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine includes a compressed air supply line and a compressed fuel gas supply line, each having a first end connected to its respective pressurized supply, a metering orifice portion, and a second end connected to an appropriate part of the engine. At least one of the metering orifice portions is adjustable for establishing various desired air-to-fuel ratios for delivery to the combustion cylinder. The system includes a pressure regulating apparatus in at least one of the lines, between its first end and its metering orifice portion for maintaining substantially equal pressures at all times in the respective supply lines immediately upstream of their respective metering portions. The respective supply line pressures immediately downstream of the metering orifices are also kept substantially equal by connection of both supply lines to a common conduit or mixing chamber. Preferably a pressure regulating valve of the air-loaded or dome-loaded type, which has a controlling pressure chamber and operates in response to changes in fluid pressure in such control chamber, is located in one line and has its control chamber connected to a sensing means so the chamber pressure has a predetermined relationship at all times to the pressure in the other supply line. A temperature control device may also be used in one or both lines to prevent undesired variations in air or fuel gas temperatures which could adversely affect the uniformity of the combustible mixture at different times during operation.

14 citations



Patent
D Flory1, E Moyer1, T Naismith1
26 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a hydraulic power brake unit including a power piston operatively engaging a conventional master cylinder and an annular valve spool having differential end areas communicating with the power chamber formed by the power piston and being normally positioned in the housing is described.
Abstract: A hydraulic power brake unit including a power piston operatively engaging a conventional master cylinder and an annular valve spool having differential end areas communicating with the power chamber formed by the power piston and being normally positioned in the housing to communicate hydraulic fluid from a pressure source to the power steering unit and communicate the power chamber to the power source reservoir. When the brake pedal is actuated, an actuating spring acting between the valve spool and a reaction piston attached to the pedal pushrod is compressed and the valve spool is moved to restrict fluid communication from the pressure source to the power steering unit and divert the flow to the power chamber while simultaneously blocking communication of the power chamber to the reservoir so that the power chamber is pressurized and the power piston fluidly displaced to actuate the master cylinder. The power chamber pressure acts on the differential area of the valve spool to resist its movement by the actuating spring and causes it to function as a regulating valve which continuously provides a power chamber pressure proportional to the force of the actuating spring. Upon a malfunction caused loss of hydraulic pressure the reaction piston moves into abutting engagement with the power piston to provide a rigid force transmitting link between the pushrod and the master cylinder whereby the brakes are actuated independently of the hydraulic boost.

10 citations



Patent
20 Apr 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a multichannel photoionization chamber is described, which includes a plurality of ion collection plates which permit measurement of ion current ratios to determine whether the absorption cross section is independent of both pressure and path length; i.e., Beer's law is obeyed.
Abstract: A multichannel photoionization chamber is disclosed for measuring absorption, photoionization yield and photoionization coefficients of gases. The chamber includes a plurality of ion collection plates which permit measurement of ion current ratios to determine whether the absorption cross section is independent of both pressure and path length; i.e., Beer's law is obeyed. Also disclosed are a plurality of pressure gauges for measuring chamber pressure at locations adjacent each of the collector plates. The pressure values corresponding to ion current maxima for each collector plate are used to determine the absorption cross section of the filling gas. Identical values of cross section calculated in this way are another indication that Beer's law is obeyed.

2 citations



Patent
24 Feb 1971
TL;DR: Oerlik and Schinen as discussed by the authors described a liquid break switch with a movable contact and a differential piston that can be closed by applying the chamber pressure to the other side of the differential piston.
Abstract: 1,223,291 Liquid break switches MASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON 6 March, 1968 [17 March, 1967], No 10785/68 Heading HlN In a small volume liquid break switch the arc chamber 6 contains a liquid, eg oil, permanently under pressure and a movable contact 9 is movable to the closed position by applying the chamber pressure to the other side of a differential piston 18 The chamber 6 is connected to a pump 3 by way of an accumulator 4; a cylinder space 19 can also be connected by a valve 5 so as to apply chamber pressure to the piston; the other side of the piston extends into the arc chamber and thus always experiences the pressure To open the contacts valve member 5a is rotated so as to connect space 19 with a low pressure reservoir 12 surrounding the arc chamber 6 In modifications (Figs 2, 3, not shown) valves are fitted to permit release of excess pressures produced in the arc chamber due to arcing

Patent
03 Feb 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, an internal combustion engine is provided with an automatic compression release mechanism for reducing cranking effort at starting, the compression release comprising a chamber arranged to communicate with the combustion chamber and with a region of lower pressure.
Abstract: 1,221,253 IC engines - relieving compression during starting TECUMSEH PRODUCTS CO Oct29, 1968, No51331/68 Heading F1K An internal combustion engine is provided with an automatic compression release mechanism for reducing cranking effort at starting, the compression release comprising a chamber arranged to communicate with the combustion chamber and with a region of lower pressure, the inlet to the chamber being controlled by a one-way valve which is arranged to be closed when the chamber pressure exceeds the combustion chamber pressure, and the outlet from the chamber being controlled by a second one-way valve, the second valve being resiliently biased to an open position but being moved to a closed position in response to sudden increase of pressure consequent upon firing of fuel-air charge in the combustion chamber The engine shown is of the two-stroke type and comprises air inlet ports 16, transfer ports 14 and exhaust ports 12 A vent passage 40 is also formed in the cylinder wall, the passage communicating with a valve chamber 34 formed by a boss 46 formed integrally with the cylinder 42 and a cover plate 48 secured to the boss 46 by screws 50, 52 A reed valve 30 is secured by screw 60 to the boss 46 and is disposed adjacent the vent passage 40 being normally unstressed and closing the passage An outlet passage 36 is formed in the cover plate 48 and has associated therewith a reed valve 32 secured to the cover plate by screw 66, the reed valve being normally spaced from the seating so that the chamber 34 is in communication with the outlet passage 36 The passage 36 extends through the cover plate 48 and communicates at 54 with a passage 56 formed in the cylinder block, the passage 56 in turn communicating with the exhaust duct 26 which communicates with the exhaust port 12 As the piston 11 moves upwardly in the cylinder 42 as the engine is cranked at starting the pressure above the piston is relieved through the vent passage 40, fuel-air mixture passing through the passage, past the open valve 30 into the chamber 34, thence past the still-open valve 32 and passages 36, 54, 56 to the exhaust passage 26 Such flow ceases as soon as the piston passes the vent passage 40 Thus the compression pressure is relieved during engine cranking As soon as the engine fires however the sudden increase of pressure passed into the chamber 34 causes the valve 32 to close The valve 30 is also closed by the pressure of gases within the valve chamber 34 so no loss of gas pressure occurs when the engine is running The valve seating associated with the reed valve 32 is a raised circular land 70, Fig 5 (not shown), to prevent valve sticking

Patent
14 Dec 1971
TL;DR: An inside-out closure member for closing an access opening in a pressure chamber, and a method for practicing its use is described in this paper, where the member is a plate of greater overall dimension than the opening and carries a jacking bolt, in penetration thereof, for bearing against an inner surface of the chamber.
Abstract: An inside-out closure member for closing an access opening in a pressure chamber, and a method for practicing its use. The member is a plate of greater overall dimension than the opening and carries a jacking bolt, in penetration thereof, for bearing against an inner surface of the chamber. Chamber pressure holds the plate in closure position after, according to the method, the jacking bolt is used to first constrain the plate in alignment over the opening.

01 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements and analysis of the thermal and ablative response of five multiple-pulse duty cycle rocket nozzles were performed on a solid propellant simulator with a test stream composition, designated ANB-3066.
Abstract: : Measurements and analysis of the thermal and ablative response of five multiple pulse duty cycle rocket nozzles were performed. Nozzles were fired on a solid propellant simulator with a test stream composition, designated ANB-3066, which contained 16 percent aluminum. Nominal chamber pressure for each of the various firing pulses was 750 psia. Material temperature histories were recorded at several locations in each nozzle. Post-test measurements of surface recession, char penetration, and density versus depth, as well as thermocouple data are used for comparison with one and two-dimensional heat conduction and material ablation calculations.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental combustion oscillator was constructed in which the flow of products of high-intensity combustion were modulated by a longitudinal traveling pressure wave, and the frequency of about 1250 Hz was approximating the first harmonic of the acoustic frequency.
Abstract: The output of an MHD generator depends nonlinearly on the temperature and velocity of the gas and magnetic field strength in the duct. An experimental combustion oscillator has been constructed in which the flow of products of high-intensity combustion were modulated by a longitudinal traveling pressure wave. The heat input in the 2-in.-diam, 20-in. long combustor was 1 MW (2.5 lb/min propane, 0.8 lb/min alcoholic KOH, and 10 lb/min oxygen). The injector was of the water-cooled impinging type. Simultaneous measurements of pressure by Photocon pressure transducers and of electrical conductivity by a R.F. probe were made at two locations in the 40-in.-long combustor, at 12 and at 36 in. from the injector, in order that nonequilibrium (flame) and equilibrium types of ionization could be compared. Results showed that lean fuel/oxygen ratios and relatively low chamber pressure were favorable for promoting acoustic oscillations. A typical oscillogram of the pressure variations showed a longitudinal traveling wave having an amplitude of 18 psi at the 12-in. position and 10.5 psi at the 36-in. position. The frequency of about 1250 Hz was approximating the first harmonic of the acoustic frequency. The oscillations of the conductivity were in phase with those of pressure. DC values of conductivity of flames in the flame region varied between 0.5 to 2.0 mho/m, depending on equivalence ratio. In the combustion products, the conductivity values ranged from 5 to 18 mho/m, using 1% potassium seed. On the basis of these results an experimental MHD rig was constructed with a 4-in.-diam. 10-in.-long combustor equipped with impinging jet-type injector. The fuel mixture was kerosene + alcoholic KOH seed + gaseous oxygen, which gives a flame temperature of up to 3500°K. The designed thermal input was 2.75 MW, and the magnetic field strength 18 kG. Results of preliminary experiments have not been conclusive. Electrical conductivity obtained in the magnetic field was found to be only 7 mho/m, compared with the 18 mho/m obtained with the 2-in. combustor without the magnetic field, and as a consequence the conversion of thermal to electrical power was low.