Showing papers on "Channel (digital image) published in 1989"

Color image display with a limited palette size

Abstract: A method for creating from a digitized color image, a tree structured partitioning of all pixels in the image into M disjoint sets, with the pixels in each set having similar color values, the method comprising the steps of: separating and assigning all pixels in the image into disjoint sets so as to minimize the difference between the respective pixel color values in each set; selecting one of the sets which has a greatest variation of color values of assigned pixels, and separating and assigning all pixels in the selected set into new, disjoint sets, with the pixels assigned so as to minimize the differences between their respective color values; continuing the selecting, separating and assigning steps for sets until a total of M sets have been derived; and then assigning to all pixels in each set, a mean color value calculated from all pixel colors in the set.

Optimized Design For A Single-Sensor Color Electronic Camera System

Abstract: A method used to develop an optimized design for a single-sensor color electronic camera is described. A color filter array (CFA) that senses red (R), green (G), and blue (B) information in a manner consistent with the relative sensitivities of the human visual system (HVS), an optical prefilter, and an optimized image reconstruction scheme are utilized in this system which maximizes image quality for a given number of pixels on a sensor.

Method for the encoding of data for assistance in the reconstruction of a sub-sampled moving electronic image

Abstract: A method for encoding data for assistance in the reconstruction of sub-sampled moving electronic images, particularly HDTV images transmitted by MAC channel, optimizing the representation of the assistance data while minimizing the corresponding throughput of data through compression of the image signal by segmentation of the image into homogeneous blocks of different sizes. An imbricated, hierarchical encoding is achieved on the image blocks, for assigning to the blocks a choice of processing, on the one hand, and a motion vector, on the other hand. When the sub-sampling/reconstruction processing chosen is of the motion compensation type (way 4) and wherein assistance data are generated under the control of a sequencer locked into a pre-determined image scanning procedure, segmentation information is selectively generated solely for the non-elementary blocks, and information on choice of motion vector is selectively generated only during the occurrence of a block with optimal processing by motion compensation.

An experimental investigation in the use of color in computational stereopsis

Abstract: Three different models of incorporating color in computational stereopsis were investigated. The simplest model, the three-channel model, treats color as if it were composed of separate entities. Each color channel is processed individually by the same stereopsis module as used in the achromatic model. The second model, the trichromatic model, treats color as an attribute of features (i.e., edges). Matching is done by comparing these attributes. The third model, the opponent color model, is based on the human vision system. In this model, the red-green-blue colors are combined into three opponent channels before further processing. These models along with the achromatic stereopsis model were implanted and tested with many stereograms to determine the performance of different combinations of color and stereopsis. Experimental results indicate that color information increases performance, communication between color channels during matching is very important, and the overall performance of the opponent model appears to be the best. Also described is the relaxation surface smoothing algorithm, which corrects assignment errors. >

Method of processing sampled signal valves produced by a color imaging device

Abstract: Blurring along edges between regions of different color characteristics in interpolated color images is avoided by a signal processing technique that segments the fully sampled channel into a plurality of contiguous image regions of respectively different image characteristics. The segmentation mechanism is such that, within a respective region, the fully sampled signal values are associated with a common image characteristic. A boundary between adjacent regions occurs where the segmentation mechanism has inferred the presence of an edge between sub-sampled locations and has assigned signal values for successive sampling locations of the fully sampled channel on opposite sides of the edge in accordance with different image characteristics. After the image has been segmented, within each region, signal values for non-sampled locations of a sub-sampled channel are interpolated in accordance with a predetermined relationship between fully sampled and sub-sampled signal values at a sampling location in that region whereat each of fully sampled and sub-sampled signal values have been produced. In addition, more than one segmentation mechanism may be employed. In this case, the image processing performance of each segmentation scheme is weighted. Interpolation values based upon each segmentation scheme are then combined as a weighted average.

Image display device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To fold an easy-to-see large screen to small size and to improve its portability, and to make a LCD small and to improve the mass-productivity for cost reduction by allowing an image display means consisting of image display parts to be folded. CONSTITUTION:A color liquid display part is divided into a right half part 15a and a left half part 15b, which are fitted to a right case 20a and a left case 20b. In the cases, an antenna for TV broadcast transmission and reception, a tuner circuit for channel selection, a video signal processing circuit, and an image dividing/reducing circuit which divides one screen of a continuous video signal into two are provided to reproduce images on the right and left half parts 15a and 15b and also reproduce the whole screen which is reduced to half on one part with a switch. Further, a back light for making the image easy to see, and a circuit and a speaker which processes an audio signal are fitted. Consequently, the size reduction of the device for excellent portability and the size increase of the screen are both realized at the same time.

Channel interactions in visible pattern analysis

Abstract: The efficacy of the 2-D Gabor channel filters for segmenting images based on the division of the image into textures was established previously. In the present work, the authors extend the model for the direct estimation of the emergent spatially localized orientation/frequencies of visible patterns using a variational scheme. The most significant result of this extension is that patterns with space-varying frequency characteristics, arising from, e.g. surface deformation, can still be analyzed and segregated. Moreover, the information extracted can provide a means for developing shape-from-texture algorithms that are optimally localized. The implementation of the filtering scheme is described. >

Discriminant Operators For The Emulation Of The Visual Receptive Fields

Abstract: Low level visual information processing and information extraction are important aspects of any machine vision system. The biological retina is a robust visual low level preprocessor for the extraction of information in the visual channel. Extraction of transition and edge information from signals and visual images in the presence of noise is an important class of problems, both in the field of signal and image processing. In this paper we describe a class of discriminant operators for the extraction of transition information from noisy one dimensional signals. The discriminant operator, as briefly introduced in this paper, attempts to emulate the robust information extraction properties of the receptive fields found in the retina and the visual channel leading to the visual cortex. The discriminant operator, (0 operator) has differential properties with inherent aggregation. The differentiation property helps to extract transition and edge information, while the aggregation operation provides noise immunity. This theory will be used in the development of robust algorithms for robotics, medical image processing and vision prosthesis.

Composite Pattern Recognition Using The Nonlinear Triple Processor

Abstract: Real-time spatial domain image correlation and convolution were first demonstrated by White and Yariv using four-wave mixing in photorefractive nonlinear materials, but the full three channel input capability has not been exploited. We report experimental studies showing the application of the third input channel for composite pattern recognition and real-time spatial filtering of correlations or phase conjugate images. Potential applications are discussed for programmable image comparison, optical transformations to solve rotation and scale variance, and an all-optical cellular automaton computer.

Information recording disk and its reproducing device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To visualize one video as a series of video, by avoiding a recording area on which second image information is recorded and detecting only first image information by a pickup reproducing element using a reproducing track changing signal when the first image information is to be reproduced CONSTITUTION:The first image information and the second image information are time-division-multiplex-recorded in the same video channel of an information recording disk 1, and the reproducing track changing signal to change the reproducing scanning of a pickup reproducing element 2 is recorded at least in one position in one rotation Further, when the first image information is to reproduced, the pickup reproducing element 2 avoids the recording area on which the second image information is recorded and detects only the first image information using the reproducing track changing signal Thus, even when only one video signal is to be reproduced, which is one video signal out of a series of video signals time-division-multiplexed using one transmission line, in reproducing the series of video signals, plural multiplexed videos are never overlapped with each other, and the video can be watched satisfactorily as the series of the video

Numerical analysis of visual patterns

Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Similarities are found between spatial pattern analysis and other low-level cooperative image analysis tasks. Visual pattern analysis proceeds analogously via estimation of emergent 2D image frequencies. Unlike shape-from-X or optical flow paradigms, constraints are derived from the responses of multiple oriented spatial frequency channels rather than directly from the image irradiance measurements. By selecting channel filters that are sufficiently concentrated in both space and frequency, highly accurate spatial frequency estimates are computed on a local basis. Two related methods are proposed. In the first, a constrained estimate of the emergent image frequencies is obtained by resolving the responses of multiple channel filters in a process similar to photometric stereo. The second approach formulates the estimation of frequencies as an extremum problem regularized by a smoothing term. An iterative constraint propagation algorithm is developed analogous to those used in variational/relaxational approaches to shape-from-X (shading, texture) and optical flow. Examples illustrate both approaches using synthetic and natural images. >

Space-time sub-sampling apparatus of digital video signal and high quality television picture transmission system having the apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE: To perform time sub-sampling and temporal interpolation in which motion is corrected, without generating a blur and a shake by detecting and, estimating the motion in an image to be transmitted and adapting an image data processing to whether the amount of the motion is large or small. CONSTITUTION: In an image transmission system provided with a transmitting stage and a receiving stage of encoding information representing the image, its decoding part is provided with a space post-filtering circuit 401 to perform spacial interpolation of a serial image transmitted by an analog channel, a compensation stage for the motion, a switch 403 to generate a series of the successive images and a format converting circuit 405 to easily perform visible display of this series of the serial images and to convert the images into a series of interpolated images. The compensation stage for the motion itself is provided with two serial image memories 441, 443 to store the images which are successively transmitted by an analog channel and post-filtered and an adder 444 to forma semi-added value of the transmitted image. A switch is alternatively mutually supplied with an output of the compensation stage for motion in its first input terminal and an output of a space post-filtering circuit, via a delaying circuit 402 having a delay equal to interpolation period in its second input terminal.

Apparatus for processing picture in accordance with address token

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the information processing speed considerably and to save a memory capacity by providing a data byte addressing means and an image data processing means so as to conduct edit processing in the stage of scanning. CONSTITUTION: An image signal of each channel outputted from an image pickup element consisting of a CCD scanning array and A/D-converted is pre- processed by correction devices 100a, 100b and stored in scanning line buffers 102a, 102b. Two-dimension filters 104a, 104b detect dot data and convert the data into gray data. Linear image processing units 106a, 106b generate an address token as to each of image data bytes of a scanning line designated by a user interface 118 and applies address processing to data bytes for designated edit processing. The processing as above is conducted in parallel for each channel. A video processing circuit 150 receiving each data byte and a current position defined by an address token applies image processing (edit processing) desired by the user to the data.

High performance objectives for digital CCD telecine

Abstract: New lenses are presented for film scanning on line array sensors. Structure and image forming properties of the lenses are discussed. Also the performance of the lenses is demonstrated by MTF values for the green, red and blue channel with respect to the 13 x 13 μm pixels of the solid-state line array sensors.

Exposure control method for auto printer

Abstract: PURPOSE:To utilize the test result of a color video analyzer by providing a channel where a slope coefficient becomes zero, converting an exposure time and a filter value which are outputted by a color video analyzer into the number of key steps, and using this conversion data. CONSTITUTION:When the test result of the color video analyzer is utilized, the channel for the analyzer is selected. In this channel, data based upon zero as slope coefficients of respective colors are stored in the channel, so an automatic exposure control function does not operate substantially. The exposure time and filter value which are outputted by the color video analyzer, on the other hand, are converted into the number of steps of a color key 74 and a density key 75 and it is inputted to the auto printer. The auto printer performs exposure control according to a manual correction quantity inputted in the form of the number of steps. Consequently, the test result of the color video analyzer can be utilized.

Multi-channel optical communication system

Abstract: The present invention employs a spectral and spatial combiner (132) that is capable of maintaining equal optical path lengths of each spectral beam so that a single combined bean (148) can be produced and can be employed in a number of different applications such as a color camera device (Figure 28), a color recording device (Figure 23), a graphics presentation device (Figure 27), an electronic color filter device (Figure 30), a color projector device (Figure 25) and a multi­ channel optical communication device (Figures 31 and (33).