Showing papers on "Character (mathematics) published in 2001"

The character concept in evolutionary biology

Abstract: Foreword by Richard Lewontin Characters, Units and Natural Kinds: An Introduction I. Historical Roots of the Character Concept II. New Approaches to the Character Concept III. Operationalizing the Detection of Characters IV. The Mechanistic Architecture of Characters V. The Evolutionary Origin of Characters

Coexistent interaction between a virtual character and the real world

Abstract: A game system, incorporating co-existent interaction between a virtual character (20) and a user (10) in the real world, comprising a virtual character (20) in a computer sub-system (12,14) including a computer device (12) and means (38, 40, 42) for inputting real-world real-world actions of a user in the real world into said sub-system (12, 14), whereby actions of a user in the real world, at a pre-chosen real world location (36), other than correlative movements, are recorded and inputted into the computer sub-system and influence the character (20) in the virtual world (16).

Interactive character system

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a synthetic character using a control system displays the character engaged in an activity, receiving a first input from a user, determines whether the input is relevant to the activity, if the input is relevant to the activity, and shows the character react to the input, the character being highly expressive and highly reactive. A system and method for displaying a synthetic character provides speech data, creates modified speech data by modifying at least one of the pitch or duration of at least a portion of the speech data and generates modified speech sounds associated with the character using the modified speech data.

Construction of tame supercuspidal representations

Abstract: The notion of depth is defined by Moy-Prasad [MP2]. The notion of a generic character will be defined in §9. When G = GLn or G is the multiplicative group of a central division algebra of dimension n with (n, p) = 1, our generic characters are just the generic characters in [My] (where the definition is due to Kutzko). Moreover, in these cases, our construction literally specializes to Howe’s construction as formulated in [My], and it is known that the construction yields all supercuspidal representations ([My], [HM]). Notice that the initial datum in our construction consists of very simple objects: linear characters and supercuspidal representations of depth zero. The latter are well understood by the work of Moy, Prasad, and Morris (see §3). By the work of Howe, irreducible supercuspidal representations of GLn(F ) with (n, p) = 1 are parametrized by certain characters of E∗ as E varies through

Text communication device

Abstract: A text communication device capable of performing communication at least through a text, connected to a network and adapted to allow a player to enjoy chat in a game space by outputting a speech according to the personality of a game character. Candidate words prepared for message communication are sorted according to the attribute of the character who is the conversation entity, and a word for chat is selected from them, thereby quickening the selection of a word corresponding to the character and the sending of a message. It is also easy to do conversation communication between different languages.

Efficient entry of characters from a large character set into a portable information appliance

Abstract: A system for entering characters from a large character set into a small and portable information appliance such as a mobile telephone, wherein the information appliance includes a touchpad having a touch-sensitive surface, wherein the touchpad is used to enter alphanumerical data into the information appliance, wherein the characters can come from small or large character sets, and wherein characters are entered by providing a plurality of character groups, each group having a head character assigned to a specific region, and selecting a head character enables the user to cycle forwards or backwards through each of the characters within the selected character group, and selecting the desired character by raising a finger from off the touchpad surface when the desired character is found.

Low-dimensional representations of quasi-simple groups

Abstract: We determine all the absolutely irreducible representations of degree up to 250 of quasi-simple finite groups, excluding groups that are of Lie type in their defining characteristic. Additional information is also given on the Frobenius‐Schur indicators and the Brauer character fields of the representations.

Document retrieval system and search method using word set and character look-up tables

Abstract: A computer-operated document retrieval system includes a lexicon of words contained in system documents, and a document look-up table that relates words by unique word numbers to the documents. A word look-up table identifies sets of words with common characteristics, specifically prefix value and word length, and a character look-up table identifies whether any word contains a specified character. A target set generator accesses the word look-up table to compose a target word set with characteristics corresponding to the search string. A refining module reduces the target set by selecting a set of characters from the search string, and accessing the character look-up table to identify which target words use the character set. The character look-up table is a boolean array with one bit elements that are processed in groups whose size corresponds to the maximum bit processing count of the computer, effectively culling non-matching words simultaneously. A string comparison module determines whether any word remaining in the target set matches the search string. The system quickly executes various searches, including prefix, exact match, wildcard, and fuzzy searches.

Text input method for personal digital assistants and the like

Abstract: A handheld device 100 with a graphical user interface for entering handwritten text 102. The handheld device includes word and character input areas 104, 106 within a designated input area 108. Icons 110, 112, 114, 116 and 118 are disposed at the right side of the handwriting user interface 102. A scroll bar 120 may be disposed at the right side of the interface display 102. An entry that begins in the word input area 104 is treated as a handwritten word. A handwritten entry that begins in the character input area 106 is treated as a single character and may be one character in character string. Handwritten character entries are each matched against all potential characters.

Electronic gaming method using coded input data

Abstract: A gaming device allows a user to scan bar codes and collect character data corresponding to characters and character item data corresponding to character items which affect attributes of the characters. The gaming device allows a user to cause simulated battles between characters. In some embodiments, the characters belong to one of a plurality of character groups which are at war with one another. In some embodiments, gaming devices may communicate with other gaming devices in order to engage in battles between characters corresponding to data stored on the respective gaming devices. In some embodiments, each character within a group has a different combination of attributes, which may include strength, magic and technology. In some embodiments, the same bar codes which include character data or character item data also correspond to commercial products unrelated to characters or character items.

Data list transmutation and input mapping

Abstract: A method for converting a list of data, each entry in said list having at least one alpha-numeric character, to a format suitable for display and manipulation in a limited display area. The method comprises: sorting said list based on a first of said alpha-numeric characters in each said entry in said list of data; grouping entries into a plurality of sets, each set comprising entries in said list of data having at least a common first character; generating an abbreviated list of said first characters; and linking each entry in said abbreviated list to the corresponding set of entries having said at least common first character.

A rational difference equation

Abstract: We investigate the boundedness character, the periodic nature, and the global asymptotic stability of all positive solutions of the equation in the title with positive parameters and nonnegative initial conditions.

Communication terminal having a predictive character editor application

Abstract: A user interface for a text entry device, comprising: a display having a first display section and a second display section, and a keypad including a set of text entry keys each having a set of characters associated therewith. The set of characters associated with each of the text entry keys being displayed in the second display section. A predictive character editor engine with associated directories is adapted to receive a string of input strokes and to output a list of matching word candidates in response thereto. A controller receives inputs from a set of text entry keys, and generates said string of input strokes for the predictive character editor. The controller presents in said first display section at least one of said matching word candidates from the predictive character editor for selection by the user.

Toward a Cognitive Theory of Literary Character: The Dynamics of Mental-Model Construction

Abstract: Miss Bronte was struck by the force or peculiarity of the character of some one she knew; she studied it, and analyzed it with subtle power; and having traced it to its germ, she took that germ as the nucleus of an imaginary character, and worked outwards;--thus reversing the process of analyzation, and unconsciously reproducing the same external development. Elizabeth Gaskell on Bronte's Shirley in The Life of Charlotte Bronte (1857) 1. A Cognitive Perspective on Literary Character Mrs. Gaskell's statement about Charlotte Bronte's method of creating characters hints at the double nature of literary characters: on the one hand, they are based on real-life experiences with living persons; on the other, they are the result of processes of literary construction. (1) Whereas Gaskell looks to the author's contribution to construction, my aim is to look at literary character from the point of view of readers and to elucidate what effects this doubleness has on their experience of encountering characters in fiction. (2) It may be a truism to say that the reading of literary texts is a process in which textual information interacts with the reader's knowledge structures and cognitive procedures. (3) But in literary text-analysis the constraints on literary understanding that arise from the interactive nature of the reading process are rarely acknowledged. Whereas a number of theorists from Iser through to Perry and Phelan have paid attention to the dynamic aspects of narrative, such attention is by no means the rule, and categories for text analysis still tend to highlight the nondynamic, structural side. For the analysis of literary character, there exist some categories that at least show an awareness of the dynamics of reception. In a famous distinction between flat and round characters, implying such awareness, E. M. Forster defines flat characters as those who "are easily recognized," whereas round characters are "capable of surprising" (Aspects of the Novel 74, 81); for the experience of recognition and surprise, the reader must previously have established mental representations and expectations. Other categories, such as the well-known differentiation between static and dynamic characters, fail to account for these dynamics: to decide whether a character is static or dynamic, the reader would have to wait until he or she has read the whole book, since changes in the character's traits may occur late in the story. Of course, readers start forming impressions of characters from the very beginni ng of the reading process on, and from a reader-oriented point of view, the question is not whether a character is static or dynamic, but, rather, when and under which conditions he or she appears static or dynamic to the reader. Even the categories aware of the temporal dimension of understanding seldom offer any detailed description of how the dynamic processing strategies of the reader interact with the successive presentation of information in the text. Drawing on results from cognitive psychology and cognitive social psychology, as well as from research in discourse processing, I attempt to capture the quality of this interaction more precisely than the more text-oriented, structuralist approaches have been able to do. My theory-building is similar to that of Richard Gerrig in his Experiencing Narrative Worlds (1993), in that my method attempts to align psychological models of the workings of cognition and emotion in text understanding with the description of textual properties. (4) In such an alignment, the interaction between reader and text appears, above all, as a dynamic process, for the framework of cognitive psychology affords a view not only on such general constraints on information processing and text-understanding as l imitations on working memory, but also on the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processing in using inference and forming hypotheses, activating schemas, and constructing categories. …

Information processing system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To apply entertainment performance to a transaction using electronic money or the like. SOLUTION: An individual information control means 1a controls the individual information of each user. When an inquiry to the individual information is issued from a prescribed user, an individual information acquiring means 1b acquires the pertinent individual information from the individual information control means 1a. A character generating means 1c generates a character corresponding to the individual information. A display means 1d displays the individual information and the character generated by the character generating means 1c.

Electronic gaming device using coded input data

Abstract: A gaming device allows a user to scan bar codes and collect character data corresponding to characters and character item data corresponding to character items which affect attributes of the characters. The gaming device allows a user to cause simulated battles between characters. In some embodiments, the characters belong to one of a plurality of character groups which are at war with one another. In some embodiments, gaming devices may communicate with other gaming devices in order to engage in battles between characters corresponding to data stored on the respective gaming devices. In some embodiments, each character within a group has a different combination of attributes, which may include strength, magic and technology. In some embodiments, the same bar codes which include character data or character item data also correspond to commercial products unrelated to characters or character items.

Address reader, sorting machine such as a mail thing and character string recognition method

Abstract: An address reader method and apparatus for recognizing a receiver address on a surface of mail. In the invention an image of the surface of the mail is input and segmented into at least one character string candidate. At least one address area candidate is extracted from the image based upon the segmented character string candidate. One of the address area candidates extracted from the image is selected as a receiver address of the mail by analyzing each of the address area candidates based on predetermined position information indicating a usual position of a receiver address area, character direction information indicating a character direction of a character string appropriate for the predetermined position information, and key character string information indicating a character string most likely to exist in a receiver address. Characters in character strings of the selected address area candidate are recognized as a receiver address which is used to sort the mail.

Image collecting system and method thereof

Abstract: An image collecting system for collecting an image having a target character therein comprising a camera system that captures an image in which the target character is caught in a predetermined area; an image database that stores images captured by the camera system; a character information database that stores character information for identifying a person caught in an image as the target character; a character positioning unit for obtaining position information of the target character at a certain time; and an image collecting unit that connects to the image database and the character information database to identify images stored in the image database with the target character therein based on the character information stored in the character information database and the position information of the target character obtained by the character positioning unit, and collect images in which the target character is caught from the images stored in the image database.

System, process and software arrangement for recognizing handwritten characters

Abstract: A process and system (50) are provided for determining a most likely combination of characters. In particular, character data which includes information (120) indicative of at least one handwritten character is obtained. The character data includes at least one set of segmentation (140) points for the handwritten character.It is possible to compare visual aspects of the handwritten character to visual aspects of each of the previously stored characters for determining likely characters Also , a Fisher Matching (245)procedure can be used on the character data to ascertain the likely characters.

The Indispensability of Character

Abstract: Gilbert Harman has argued that it does not make sense to ascribe character traits to people. The notion of morally virtuous character becomes particularly suspect.How plausible this is depends on how broad character traits would have to be. Views of character as entirely invariant behavioural tendencies offer a soft target. This paper explores a view that is a less easy target: character traits as specific to kinds of situation, and as involving probabilities or real possibilities. Such ascriptions are not undermined by Harman's arguments, and it remains plausible that the agent's character often is indispensable in explanation of behaviour. Character is indispensable also as processes of control that impose reliability where it really matters.

Representation data control system, and representation data control device constituting it, and recording medium recording its program

Abstract: A terminal displays on an icon pallet (110) icons (111, ---) indicating operations/statuses in conjunction with representation data such as animation, sound and character string. A control input area (120) that can display the mixtures of icons (121) and character strings (122) is provided on the display screen of the terminal, to allow the user to input icons (121) by selecting icons (111) from the icon pallet (110) and to input character strings (122) via the keyboard. The terminal controls the operation/status of an own character displayed on an animation display area (100a) according to an icon (121), and displays a character string (122) immediately following the icon (121) in synchronization with the animation of the own character. Accordingly, a representation data control system capable of controlling quickly and accurately various representations can be implemented despite delicate differences between respective representations.

Dual mode data field

Abstract: A set of data field characters is displayed in a primary data field if the number of characters in this set of data field characters is equal to or less than the displayable capacity of the primary data field. If the number of characters in the set of data field characters is greater than the displayable capacity of the primary data field, then a proper subset of the set of data field characters is displayed in the primary data field in conjunction with the display of an indicia associated with the primary data field. In response to a user interaction with the indicia, the proper subset of data field characters and at least one additional character from the set of data field characters are displayed in a secondary data field, wherein the proper subset of data field characters and the at least one additional character are simultaneously viewable by the user in the secondary data field.

Some properties of factorizable Hopf algebras

Abstract: A direct proof without modular category theory is given of a recent theorem of Etingof and Gelaki (1998) on the dimensions of irreducible representations. Factorizable Hopf algebras are characterized in terms of their Drinfeld double, and their character rings and the group-like elements of their duals are described.

Method, apparatus, and computer program product for three dimensional text creation

Abstract: Information for receiving by a computer system has attributes which the computer system is capable of interpreting for displaying on a two-dimensional display device. The information includes background and character attributes, according to which the characters are displayable in a color or shade that contrasts to the background. At least one of the characters has a certain character attribute for two dimensionally displaying, such bold, italic, underlining, font type or color. The information is rendered in a delineation that is tactile-detectable on a control surface of a three-dimensional display device. As thus rendered, a representation of the background is rendered in a first plane, while a representation one of the characters has a top surface of the character rendered in a second plane, and a representation of the one of the characters having the certain character attribute has a top surface of the character rendered in a third plane.

Robust method for automatic reading of skewed, rotated or partially obscured characters

Abstract: A character reading technique recognizes character strings in grayscale images where characters within such strings have poor contrast, are variable in position or rotation with respect to other characters in the string, or where portions of characters in the string are partially obscured. The method improves classification accuracy by improving the robustness of the underlying correlation operation. Characters are divided into regions before performing correlations. Based upon the relative individual region results, region results are combined into a whole character result. Using the characters that are read, a running checksum is computed and, based upon the checksum result, characters are replaced to produce a valid result.

User interface for a portable electronic device

Abstract: The present invention is a user interface (120) for an ideographic character input device (100) comprising three rows (148, 150, 152) of adjacent input keys. A first row (148) includes keys that represent linear character strokes, a third row (152) includes keys that represent non-linear character strokes, and the second row (154) includes keys that represent a linear character stroke, a non-linear character stroke and a dot. The user interface (120) may also function as a numeric keypad in which the first row (148) includes keys 1 through 3, the second row (150) includes keys 4 through 6 and the third row (152) includes keys 7 through 9. The three rows (148, 150, 152) include single stroke keys corresponding to individual character strokes used to form a particular ideographic character. The user interface also includes at least one combination stroke key corresponding to a particular activation sequence of the single stroke keys used to form the ideographic character. A processor (512) of the device (100) is capable of forming the ideographic character, or a portion thereof, in two ways: upon selection of the particular activation sequence of the single stroke keys and upon selection of the combination stroke key. A display (118) is coupled to the processor (512) to display the ideographic character, or a portion thereof.