Showing papers on "Character (mathematics) published in 2005"

Systems to enhance data entry in mobile and fixed environment

Abstract: An electronic device (1904) includes a first means (1911) for entering characters coupled to the device for generating a second character input data, where the second means (1906) for entering characters includes a system for monitoring a user's voice. A display (1905) displays the character thereon. A processor (not shown) is coupled to the first (1911) and second means (1906) for entering characters configured to receive the first and second character input data such that the characters displayed on the display (1905) corresponds to both the first and second character input data.

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Abstract: Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification

Abstract: 1. Wisdom and Knowledge – Cognitive strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge  Creativity [originality, ingenuity]: Thinking of novel and productive ways to conceptualize and do things; includes artistic achievement but is not limited to it  Curiosity [interest, novelty-seeking, openness to experience]: Taking an interest in ongoing experience for its own sake; finding subjects and topics fascinating; exploring and discovering  Judgment & Open-Mindedness [critical thinking]: Thinking things through and examining them from all sides; not jumping to conclusions; being able to change one's mind in light of evidence; weighing all evidence fairly  Love of Learning: Mastering new skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge, whether on one's own or formally; obviously related to the strength of curiosity but goes beyond it to describe the tendency to add systematically to what one knows  Perspective [wisdom]: Being able to provide wise counsel to others; having ways of looking at the world that make sense to oneself and to other people

Entering a character into an electronic device

Abstract: A method ( 300 ) for entering a character into an electronic device ( 100 ) is provided The method ( 300 ) includes displaying ( 301 ) input character keys ( 204 ) on a touch sensitive region ( 202 ) of a display screen ( 105 ) of the device ( 100 ), the keys identifying an associated character Next, a display step ( 309 ) shows at least one entered character in a display region ( 201 ) of the screen, the entered character having been selected by actuation of one of the character keys ( 204 ) Next, a group of potential subsequent characters that follow the entered character is predicted ( 311, 317 ) A second set of input character keys ( 205 ) identifying the potential subsequent characters is displayed ( 327 ) The second set of keys ( 205 ) are grouped together ( 323 ) such that their relative screen locations with respect to each other are different to that of corresponding keys in the first set of keys ( 204 ) Finally in receiving ( 303 ) and displaying steps ( 309 ), the potential subsequent characters are entered adjacent the entered character, the entering having been in response to actuation of one of the second set of keys ( 205 )

Living to Tell about It: A Rhetoric and Ethics of Character Narration (review)

Abstract: letter's language in the poem. Embedded in a text that is both the signal act of a poet claiming full authority and \"range\" and the voicing of romantic yearning cycled directly from letters to Boldereff, Olson's Maximus hovers in what can be read as the poem's trans-subjective borderland. \"Flashing more than a wing, / than any romantic thing, than memory, than place,\" Olson's poetic text blurs the boundaries between the private and the public acknowledgment, the mythic and the ordinary self a shift that, if not carried forward in the life, has clear consequences for the art:

A Maximum Entropy Approach to Chinese Word Segmentation

Abstract: We participated in the Second International Chinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff. Specifically, we evaluated our Chinese word segmenter in the open track, on all four corpora, namely Academia Sinica (AS), City University of Hong Kong (CITYU), Microsoft Research (MSR), and Peking University (PKU). Based on a maximum entropy approach, our word segmenter achieved the highest F measure for AS, CITYU, and PKU, and the second highest for MSR. We found that the use of an external dictionary and additional training corpora of different segmentation standards helped to further improve segmentation accuracy. 1 Chinese Word Segmenter The Chinese word segmenter we built is similar to the maximum entropy word segmenter we employed in our previous work (Ng and Low, 2004). Our word segmenter uses a maximum entropy framework (Ratnaparkhi, 1998; Xue and Shen, 2003) and is trained on manually segmented sentences. It classifies each Chinese character given the features derived from its surrounding context. Each Chinese character can be assigned one of four possible boundary tags: s for a character that occurs as a single-character word, b for a character that begins a multi-character (i.e., two or more characters) word, e for a character that ends a multi-character word, and m for a character that is neither the first nor last in a multi-character word. Our implementation used the opennlp maximum entropy package v2.1.0 from sourceforge.1

Method and system for language identification

Abstract: A method and system for language identification are provided. The system includes a feature set of a plurality of character strings of varying length with associated information. The associated information includes one or more significance scores for a character string for one or more of a plurality of languages. Means are provided for detecting character strings from the feature set within a token from an input text. The system uses a finite-state device and the associated information is provided as glosses at the final nodes of the finite-state device for each character string. The associated information can also include significance scores based on linguistic rules.

Method and System for Building and Contracting a Linguistic Dictionary

Abstract: A method for building and contracting a linguistic dictionary, the linguistic dictionary comprising a list of surface forms and a list of normalized forms, each normalized form being associated with a surface form, the method comprising the steps of: comparing each character of a surface form with each character of the surface form's normalized form; in response to the comparing step, determining an edit operation for each character compared; and generating a transform code from the set of the edit operations in order to transform the surface form to its normalized form.

System and method for producing merchandise from a virtual environment

Abstract: A system and method are provided for producing customized merchandise (Fig. 1A) for a user based upon a character within a virtual environment, by retrieving character data representing a player character within a game and converting the character data into merchandise attributes. The merchandise attributes are then used to create instructions for producing an item of customized merchandise.

Twisted K-theory and cohomology

Abstract: We explore the relations of twisted K-theory to twisted and untwisted classical cohomology. We construct an Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence, and describe its differentials rationally as Massey products. We define the twisted Chern character. We also discuss power operations in the twisted theory, and the role of the Koschorke classes.

Method and system for character recognition

Abstract: Character recognition is described. In one embodiment, it may use matched sequences rather than character shape to determine a computer-legible result.

Consistency, regularity and frequency effects in naming Chinese characters.

Abstract: Three experiments in naming Chinese characters are presented here to address the relationships between character frequency, consistency, and regularity effects in Chinese character naming. Significant interactions between character consistency and frequency were found across the three experiments, regardless of whether the phonetic radical of the phonogram is a legitimate character in its own right or not. These findings suggest that the phonological information embedded in Chinese characters has an influence upon the naming process of Chinese characters. Furthermore, phonetic radicals exist as computation units mainly because they are structures occurring systematically within Chinese characters, not because they can function as recognized, freestanding characters. On the other hand, the significant interaction between regularity and consistency found in the first experiment suggests that these two factors affect Chinese character naming in different ways. These findings are accounted for within interactive activation frameworks and a connectionist model.

The Kirillov-Reshetikhin conjecture and solutions of T-systems

Abstract: We prove the Kirillov-Reshetikhin conjecture for all untwisted quantum affine algebras : we prove that the character of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules solve the Q-system and we give an explicit formula for the character of their tensor products. In the proof we show that the Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules are special in the sense of monomials and that their q-characters solve the T-system (functional relations appearing in the study of solvable lattice models). Moreover we prove that the T-system can be written in the form of an exact sequence. For simply-laced cases, these results were proved by Nakajima with geometric arguments which are not available in general. The proof we use is different and purely algebraic, and so can be extended uniformly to non simply-laced cases.

Method and apparatus for controlling a three-dimensional character in a three-dimensional gaming environment

Abstract: A method for allowing a player of a video game to control a threedimensional game character in a three-dimensional game world includes the steps of acquiring video image data of a player of a game, analyzing the acquired video image data to identify the location or movement of a portion of the player's body; and using the identified location of the portion of the player's body to control behavior of a game character.

Character Formulae and Partition Functions in Higher Dimensional Conformal Field Theory

Abstract: A discussion of character formulae for positive energy unitary irreducible representations of the the conformal group is given, employing Verma modules and Weyl group reflections. Product formulae for various conformal group representations are found. These include generalisations of those found by Flato and Fronsdal for SO(3,2). In even dimensions the products for free representations split into two types depending on whether the dimension is divisible by four or not.

Segmenting documents by stylistic character

Abstract: As part of a larger project to develop an aid for writers that would help to eliminate stylistic inconsistencies within a document, we experimented with neural networks to find the points in a text at which its stylistic character changes. Our best results, well above baseline, were achieved with time-delay networks that used features related to the author's syntactic preferences, whereas low-level and vocabulary-based features were not found to be useful. An alternative approach with character bigrams was not successful.

Spatial keyframing for performance-driven animation

Abstract: This paper introduces spatial keyframing, a technique for performance-driven character animation. In traditional temporal keyframing, key poses are defined at specific points in time: i.e., we define a map from a set key times to the configuration space of the character and then extend this map to the entire timeline by interpolation. By contrast, in spatial keyframing key poses are defined at specific key positions in a 3D space where the character lives; the mapping from the 3D space to the configuration space is again defined by interpolation. The user controls a character by adjusting the position of a control cursor in the 3D space; the pose of the character is given as a blend of nearby key poses. The user thus can make expressive motion in real time and the resulting motion can be recorded and interpreted as an animation sequence. Although similar ideas are present in previous systems, our system is unique in that the designer can quickly design a new set of keyframes from scratch, and make an animation without motion capture data or special input devices. Our technique is especially useful for imaginary characters other than human figures because we do not rely on motion-capture data. We also introduce several applications of the basic idea and give examples showing the expressiveness of the approach.

The neo-Kohlbergian tradition and beyond: schemas, expertise, and character.

Abstract: Kohlberg's cognitive developmental paradigm has been enormously influential, spawning hundreds of research projects in this country and around the world. From Kohlberg we have much for which to be grateful. For example, he was among the vanguard against the behaviorist majority who helped bring about the cognitive revolution. He helped bring American attention to the work of Piaget. He provided a new way to look at morality beyond that of virtues and traits. He did not shrink from difficult problems, trying to do the impossible in tackling the naturalistic fallacy on philosophers' terms. He encouraged contrary viewpoints and supported alternative research paradigms (e.g., Gilligan, 1982). He developed the just community approach to education which my colleague Clark Power addresses in this volume. The cognitive revolution, although still evolving, has moved far beyond the stereotyped ages and stages of Piaget and Kohlberg. Critics have pointed out the oversimplified perspectives and globality of their theories, noting that the view from the ground is much more complicated and messy. Yet there is more empirical support for Kohlberg's general theory than ever before. Thus it is important to give it a second look, with the caveats and modifications necessary to fit the data. First I will describe the criticisms of Kohlberg's approach and then describe how neo-Kohlbergian theory addresses them. But then I too will move beyond Kohlberg, describing an Narvaez Page 2 approach that seeks to incorporate cognitive science and social-cognitive psychology into a moral psychology theory. Finally, I discuss some implications of these moves for deliberative character education in the classroom and in everyday life. 1 Like the theory of his intellectual mentor, Jean Piaget, Kohlberg's theory has fallen on hard times among psychologists for a variety of reasons. Stage theories generally are viewed as too broad-brushed, missing much of development, and underestimating early signs of change in younger children and infants. 1999; 2000). We sought to address the issues raised by critics and to exploit the massive data collected with the Defining Issues Test, an objective measure of moral judgment. The Defining Issues Test (or DIT) consists of several dilemmas and sets of considerations for respondents to rate and rank according to how important they are for making a decision about the dilemma. Data have been collected on tens of thousands of respondents from around the world. Our re-conceptualization of Kohlberg's theory is based on DIT data that have been collected …

Multiply interconnectable environmentally interactive character simulation module method and system

Abstract: A simulated character module and method of operation are presented. The simulated character module includes a processor, a display operably coupled to the processor and a communication device operably coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to control a simulated character, and an image associated with the simulated character is displayable on the display. Further, the image is displayable on a second display of a second module to simulate movement of the simulated character to the second module. The module communicates with the second module using the communication device. Further, the image is not displayed on the display of the module if the image is displayed on the second display of the second module.

Naturalizing Subjective Character

Abstract: When I have a conscious experience of the sky, there is a bluish way it is like for me to have that experience. We may distinguish two aspects of this “bluish way it is like for me”: (i) the bluish aspect and (ii) the for-me aspect. Let us call the bluish aspect of the experience its qualitative character and the for-me aspect its subjective character. What is this elusive for-me-ness, or subjective character, of conscious experience? In this paper, I examine six different attempts to account for subjective character in terms of the functional and representational properties of conscious experiences. After arguing against the first five, I defend the sixth.

The Discourse of Character Education: Culture Wars in the Classroom

Abstract: Contents: N. Noddings, Foreword. Preface. Part I: Framework for the Study. Introduction to the Project. The Study. Historical Framework. The Current State of Affairs. Theoretical Framework. Part II: The Discourses of Character Education. Discourses Shared in Both Regions. Discourses in Proposals From the Deep South. Discourses in Proposals From the Upper Midwest. Discourses of the OERI Request for Proposals. Part III: The Deep South: Didactic, Individualistic, Authoritarian Approaches to Character Education. Cultural Context of the Deep South. Ancillary Curricula of the Deep South. The Discourses of the Deep South's Conception of Character Education. The Deep South's Character Curriculum and Assessment of Character Growth. Part IV: The Upper Midwest: Community-Based, Reflective Approaches to Character Education. Cultural Context of the Upper Midwest. Ancillary Curricula of the Upper Midwest. The Discourses of the Upper Midwest's Conception of Character Education. The Upper Midwest's Character Curriculum and Assessment of Character Growth. Part V: Conclusion. Discussion. Toward a Reconsideration of the Character Curriculum.

Uncountable dense categoricity in cats

Abstract: We prove that under reasonable assumptions, every cat (compact abstract theory) is metric, and develop some of the theory of metric cats. We generalise Morley's theorem: if a countable Hausdorff cat T has a unique complete model of density character λ ≥ ω₁, then it has a unique complete model of density character λ for every λ ≥ ω₁.

Peirce on the Index and Indexical Reference

Abstract: Although the index is one of the best known features of Peirce's theory of signs there is little appreciation of Peirce's theory of the index amongst contemporary philosophers of language. The prevailing view is that the interesting early history of indexicals begins with Hans Reichenbach and his account of token-reflexivity (Reichenbach, 1947).1 Reichenbach maintains that an indexical like T means something like "the utter of this token". Although this seems intuitive enough, Reichenbach's account is undermined by its failure to capture the content of what we take ourselves to be saying in using indexicals. For instance, when John says, UI am thirsty", we take the content of John's utterance to be that John is thirsty. The token-reflexive theory suggests that the content of John's utterance is that the utter er of the token CV is thirsty. These two things are different. As for more current theories, David Kaplan's work (1969, 1978, 1979, 1989a and 1989b) provides the clearest account of indexical reference. Kaplan's account draws a famous distinction between character and content. Character is akin to a rule or simple linguistic meaning such that the character of T is "the utterer, or agent of the context". Content on the other hand is the meaning that arises from applying that rule, or character, to a particular context. So, in a context where John says, "I am thirsty", applying the character of T to that context will yield John as content. But, applying the character of 'I' to a context where I am the utterer or agent will yield me as content. In such cases, the character remains the same, but the content differs. Where, though, does Peirce's theory of the index fit into any of this? In short, there is no appreciation of Peirce's theory in Kaplan's work, although Kaplan does show some awareness of Peirce. For instance, when explaining his use of the word "index" for words like "I", "here", "now" etc. Kaplan says:

Semisimple characters for p-adic classical groups

Abstract: Let G be a unitary, symplectic, or orthogonal group over a non-Archimedean local field of residual characteristic different from 2, considered as the fixed-point subgroup in a general linear group of an involution. Following previous work of Bushnell and Kutzko, and of the author, we generalize the notion of a semisimple character for and for G. In particular, following the formalism of Bushnell and Henniart, we show that these semisimple characters have certain functorial properties. Finally, we show that any positive level supercuspidal representation of G contains a semisimple character.

The puzzle of ambiguity

Abstract: Montague’s celebrated claim that no “important theoretical difference exists between formal and natural languages” (Montague 1974; 188) implies that ambiguity is not theoretically important, for ambiguity abounds in natural languages, whereas formal languages are unambiguous by design. More generally, the pervasiveness of ambiguity in natural languages seems to be widely regarded as unremarkable. Our objective in this paper is to argue, to the contrary, that the highly ambiguous character of natural languages is surprising, and that the very existence of ambiguity calls for an explanation.

Character recoginition in video data

Abstract: An example method of recognizing characters in video data includes (i) Obtaining a binary image from a scene in video data; (ii) segmenting characters in the binary image (e.g., by using region labeling); and (iii) using a character recognition model to recognize the segmented characters. The method may be incorporated into an existing video system or newly developed video systems to perform character recognition tasks on a variety of different objects. In some embodiments, the character recognition module uses a learning-based neural network to recognize characters. In other embodiments, the character recognition module uses a non-learning-based progressive shape analysis process for character recognition.