Showing papers on "Chemical bath deposition published in 1993"
TL;DR: In this article, the fabrication and characteristics of high efficiency thin-film CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cells are described, and a high efficiency solar cell with an AM1.5 efficiency of 15.8% is reported.
Abstract: This letter describes the fabrication and characteristics of high‐efficiency thin‐film CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cells. CdS films have been prepared by chemical bath deposition and p‐CdTe films have been deposited by close‐spaced sublimation. A CdS/CdTe solar cell of greater than 1 cm2 area with an AM1.5 efficiency of 15.8% is reported.
1,058 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide thin films from the ammonia-thiourea system is studied in situ by means of quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM).
Abstract: The mechanism of chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide thin films from the ammonia‐thiourea system is studied in situ by means of quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM). The influence of reaction parameters (concentration of reactants, pH, anions, temperature, stirring rate) is determined. The growth is thermally activated with an activation energy of about 85 kJ/mol, which probably corresponds to a chemical step related to the decomposition of thiourea. The results are well interpreted by assuming an atom‐by‐atom growth mechanism. A model is presented, which fits most of the experimental results quantitatively. It involves two or three rate‐limiting surface steps, the formation of taking place via a surface complex between thiourea and cadmium hydroxide. Analytical expressions are given, allowing prediction of the rate under various conditions in this system.
347 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, thin films of silver peroxide and silver oxide have been prepared by the chemical bath-deposition technique, and electrical conductivity measurements show that both films are insulating.
102 citations
10 May 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, high efficiency CdTe/CdS solar cells have been prepared on glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition process (CBD) to a thickness of 500-1200 /spl Aring/m.
Abstract: High efficiency CdTe/CdS solar cells have been prepared on glass substrates. The CdS films are deposited on SnO/sub 2/ coated 7059 glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition process (CBD) to a thickness of 500-1200 /spl Aring/. The CdTe films are deposited by the close-spaced sublimation (CSS) technique to a thickness of 4-8 /spl mu/m. Doped-graphite paste is used as the ohmic contact to the CdTe. The substrate temperature used for the deposition of the CdTe films appears to be an important parameter for the junction formation process. It is believed to be critical in the formation of an interface Cd/sub x/S/sub 1-x/Te mixed crystal layer. The heat treatment of the CdS films in hydrogen is also an important processing step, and it must be modified as the thickness of the CdS films is decreased in order to maintain high fill factors. High photocurrents in conjunction with high open-circuit voltages and fill factors are achieved by properly adjusting the annealing conditions of thin CdS films. The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor of the best device were 843 mV, 25.1 mA/cm/sup 2/, and 74.5% respectively, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 15.8% as measured under AM1.5 conditions at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. >
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of transparent conducting CdO films by chemical bath deposition is reported for the first time, which exhibit an optical transmittance of more than 90% and electrical conductivity of the order of 103 Omega -1 cm-1.
Abstract: The formation of transparent conducting CdO films by chemical bath deposition is reported for the first time. These films exhibit an optical transmittance and electrical conductivity much higher than those CdO films prepared by other physical vapour deposition techniques. They exhibit an optical transmittance of more than 90% and electrical conductivity of the order of 103 Omega -1 cm-1. The very high optical transmittance coupled with the high electrical conductivity exhibited by these films makes them potential candidates for application as low-cost large-area transparent conductors.
65 citations
TL;DR: A method for the preparation of Cux S thin films through chemical bath deposition from a thiosulphate acidic bath is described in this paper, where the band gap is estimated to be 2.40 eV and electrical resistivity was of the order of 10−4 ωcm.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for preparation of Bi2S3 thin films from a nonaqueous medium is developed, in which Bi(NO3)3 and Na2S2O3 are dissolved in acetic acid glacial and formaldehyde, respectively, to prepare equimolar (0.1 M) solutions.
28 citations