Showing papers on "Chemical bath deposition published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the technical progress that has occurred in the last decade in the development of Cd-free buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin-film solar cells and modules.
329 citations
TL;DR: Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films composed of densely packed grains were deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates at room temperature using a chemical bath deposition technique to assess their suitability as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Abstract: Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films composed of densely packed grains were deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates at room temperature using a chemical bath deposition technique. A layer-by-layer (LbL) process was utilized to obtain a 1.418-μm-thick TiO2/ZnO structure. The TiO2 surface was super-hydrophilic, but its hydrophilicity decreased considerably after ZnO deposition. Other TiO2/ZnO films were studied to assess their suitability as photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
250 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the change in structural, optical and electrical properties were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, electrical resistivity and contact angle measurements.
239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple process for the deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers is described, and a low-cost CIGS precursor paste is subsequently selenized under selenium vapour in a quartz tube at 10 mbar (10 min at 550 °C).
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of annealing on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films was studied, and it is worth noting that after annaling, metastable nanocrystallite cubic phase transforms into stable well crystalline hexagonal phase and films show a'redshift' of '0.6 eV' in their optical band gap 'Eg'.
Abstract: Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate using the chemical bath deposition method at room temperature. The films were deposited using cadmium acetate as a Cd2+ ion source and sodium selenosulfate as a Se2? ion source. The 'as-deposited' CdSe thin films are red in colour and specularly reflective. The 'as-deposited' CdSe layers grew with nanocrystalline cubic phase along with some amorphous phase present, with an optical band gap 'Eg' of 2.3 eV and electrical resistivity of the order of 105?106 ? cm. The 'as-deposited' film is annealed in air at 673 K for 4 h and the effect of annealing on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties is studied. It is worth noting that after annealing, metastable nanocrystallite cubic phase transforms into stable well crystalline hexagonal phase and films show a 'redshift' of '0.6 eV' in their optical band gap 'Eg'. After annealing, the crystallites' size increases from 45 ? to 180 ?, which results in a decrease in electrical resistivity. These changes have been attributed to the crystallite size dependent properties of CdSe semiconductor thin films.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical band gap values of Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films of different thicknesses were estimated and reported and reported in the range of wavelength 400-2500nm and the optical transition has been found to be direct.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, homogeneous Cd1−xZnxS thin films were synthesized from chemical bath deposited CdS/ZnS multilayers through low-temperature chemical and thermal-activated diffusion.
138 citations
TL;DR: Two-dimensional polar surface-dominated ZnO nanosheets (nanodiscs) with dimensions of several microns and thickness of tens of nanometres were synthesized in bulk quantity at low temperature (~70??C) by a simple and environmentally benign chemical bath deposition (CBD) method as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Two-dimensional polar-surface-dominated ZnO nanosheets (nanodiscs) with dimensions of several microns and thickness of tens of nanometres were synthesized in bulk quantity at low temperature (~70??C) by a simple and environmentally benign chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. These ZnO nanosheets are of single-crystal wurtzite structure; they grow along the crystallographic directions within polar {0001} planes. This is different from previous reported films or nanowire arrays prepared by the CBD method. Raman scattering spectrum studies confirm that the as-synthesized nanosheets are of high crystal quality and indicate an optical phonon confinement effect in such ZnO nanosheets. These nanosheets show a sharp intrinsic ultraviolet excitonic emission peak centred at 380?nm at room temperature, have large surface area exposed to the gaseous environment, and could be an ideal ultraviolet light source or objects for the fabrication of nanoscaled devices.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this article, structural and chemical properties of CdS buffer layers and their interfaces with CIGS were investigated by means of bright-field (BF-TEM), high-resolution (HRTEM) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-Tem), and also by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical and structural properties of polycrystalline In 2 S 3 films were studied as a function of the annealing temperature and the experimental results showed that the asdeposited films are composed by a mixture of both cubic α and β crystalline phases, with some fraction of tetragonal phase.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of multi-coating processes on the orientation, microstructure and electrical property of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films derived by chemical solution deposition were described.
TL;DR: In this article, a new chemical bath deposition route for the preparation of dense, compact and uniform nanocrystalline ZnS thin films, where thiourea acts as a complexing agent as well as a source of sulfide ions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the X-ray diffraction patterns of Bi 2 O 3 thin films have been analyzed for structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties and it was found that after annealing a non-stoichiometric phase, Bi 2 2 O 2.33, was removed and phase pure monoclinic Bi O 3 was obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photovoltaic p-i-n device with near-intrinsic Sb 2 S 3 thin films and p-CuSbS 2 thin films was integrated into a p-I-n structure.
Abstract: Chemically deposited, near-intrinsic Sb 2 S 3 thin films and p-CuSbS 2 thin films obtained through heating Sb 2 S 3 -CuS thin films have been integrated into a p-i-n structure: SnO 2 :F-(n)CdS:In-(i)Sb2S3-(p)CuSbS2-Ag. An open-circuit voltage of 345 mV has been observed under an intensity of illumination of 1 kW m - 2 using a tungsten-halogen lamp. The short-circuit current was 0.2 mA/cm 2 . Structural, optical, and electrical properties of Sb 2 S 3 and CuSbS 2 are presented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile on the CuSbS 2 film indicated uniformity in composition with respect to Cu, Sb, and S atoms through the film thickness. X-ray diffraction studies using standard mode and grazing incidence at fixed angles showed the layer structure of the photovoltaic p-i-n device.
TL;DR: In this article, the optical and electrical properties of zinc sulfide thin films with the pH value of the reaction mixture were investigated in detail, and the films showed a high transmission (>80%) and a wide band gap of 3.93 eV.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of bath temperature on the properties of the CdS thin films such as optical transmission, surface morphology and the structure is investigated. But, the bath temperature plays a vital role on the quality of the thin films.
TL;DR: In this paper, Li concentration-dependent optical properties of ZnO films were studied extensively in the wavelength range 190-800nm from measurements of the optical transmittance (T) and optical reflectance (R).
Abstract: Zn1−xLixO films of different Li concentrations x = 0.0 – 0.5 were successfully deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Optical properties of the films were studied extensively in the wavelength range 190–800 nm from the measurements of the optical transmittance (T) and optical reflectance (R). The mechanism of the optical absorption follows the rule of direct allowed transition. Both the optical energy gap Eg and absorption coefficient ( α ) were found to be Li concentration-dependent. The refractive index values have been fitted to the single-oscillator models. The values obtained for the single-oscillator energy Eo are consistent with the optical gap results. The dependence of the optical constants of ZnO on the photon energy ( h ν ) at selected concentrations of Li were discussed. The exponential dependence of the absorption coefficient as a function of the incident photon energy suggests that the Urbach rule is obeyed and indicated the formation of a band tail. It was found that the optical energy gap decreases with increasing Li content; on the other hand the band tail width exhibits the opposite behaviour.
TL;DR: In this article, BaTiO 3 thin films were deposited onto a Pt/TiO x /SiO 2 /Si substrate via the chemical solution deposition method, with LaNiO 3 as a buffer layer.
TL;DR: In this paper, as-deposited ZnSe thin films are annealed in air for 4h at various temperatures and characterized by structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for obtaining thin films of polycrystalline antimony selenide via chemical bath deposition followed by heating the thin films at 573 K in selenium vapor was reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of film thickness on structural and electrical properties was studied and the structural and activation energy studies support this decrease in the resistivity due to improvement in crystallinity of the films which would increase the charge carrier mobility and decrease in defect levels with increase in the thickness.
Abstract: Zinc sulfide thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by chemical bath deposition. The various deposition parameters such as volume of sulfide ion source, pH of bath, deposition time, temperature etc are optimized. Thin films of ZnS with different thicknesses of 76–332 nm were prepared by changing the deposition time from 6–20 h at 30° C temperature. The effect of film thickness on structural and electrical properties was studied. The electrical resistivity was decreased from 1.83 × 105 Ω-cm to 0.363 × 105 Ω-cm as film thickness decreased from 332 nm to 76 nm. The structural and activation energy studies support this decrease in the resistivity due to improvement in crystallinity of the films which would increase the charge carrier mobility and decrease in defect levels with increase in the thickness.
TL;DR: In this paper, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of chemical and biological agent simulants, such as dimethyl methylphonate, pinacolyl methylphosphonate and diethyl phosphoramidate, 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, bacillus globigii, erwinia herbicola, and Bacillus thuringiensis were obtained from silver-oxide film-deposited substrates.
Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of chemical and biological agent simulants, such as dimethyl methylphonate, pinacolyl methylphosphonate, diethyl phosphoramidate, 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, bacillus globigii, erwinia herbicola, and bacillus thuringiensis were obtained from silver-oxide film-deposited substrates. Thin AgO films ranging in thickness from 50 to 250 nm were produced by chemical bath deposition onto glass slides. Further Raman intensity enhancements were noticed in UV irradiated surfaces due to photo-induced Ag nanocluster formation, which may provide a possible route to producing highly useful plasmonic sensors for the detection of chemical and biological agents upon visible-light illumination.
TL;DR: In this article, chemical bath deposition (CBD) and spray pyrolysis were used to obtain NiO thin films with a band gap of 3.5 eV.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel fabrication route for CdS@TiO 2 hybrid coaxial nanocables with the wall thickness controlled precisely is proposed using liquid-phase deposition (LPD) method with porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as templates.
TL;DR: X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the crystalline state of indium sulphide thin films, elaborated by chemical bath deposition technique on various substrates, is strongly affected by deposition parameters (deposition time tD, pH solution and thioacetamide concentration), as well as by annealing treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of nanocrystalline indium selenide thin films by using a modified chemical bath deposition method was studied, and the films were characterized by various experimental methods for structural, surface morphological, compositional, optical and electrical properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) and optical absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the MnS thin films.
TL;DR: In this article, as-deposited thin films of Cd1−xZnxS were exposed to a stream of slowly flowing nitrogen at annealing temperature ranging 100-500 °C.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modification of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) procedure in which crystal growth is activated using microwave (MW) radiation is presented, which produces well-adhered films at low temperatures, in an open atmosphere and in short times.
TL;DR: In this paper, polycrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin-films were deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and vacuum evaporation (VE) techniques.