Topic
Chemical binding
About: Chemical binding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1822 publications have been published within this topic receiving 52516 citations.
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TL;DR: The nature of insulin binding to plastic bags was evaluated to determine if it followed the physical laws of adsorption and the influence of foam in vials of radiolabeled insulin was evaluated, suggesting that minimal chemical binding or diffusion of the insulin into the plastic may occur.
Abstract: The nature of insulin binding to plastic bags was evaluated to determine if it followed the physical laws of adsorption. To determine whether insulin is adsorbed on a liquid/air interface, the influence of foam in vials of radiolabeled insulin was evaluated. Using a bag-to-bag transfer method, the influence of regular insulin and detergent on radiotracer insulin binding was assessed. To evaluate the reversibility of the binding, bag pieces with bound radioactive insulin were washed with distilled water, detergent, and left to soak in detergent before measuring radioactivity. The radiolabeled insulin was adsorbed in the foam and then released into the bulk of the solution when the foam disappeared; hence, insulin can be entrapped in a liquid/air interface. The addition of regular insulin decreased the binding of the radiotracer insulin to the bag walls. The bound insulin could be removed by washing with water and detergent, but soaking in detergent did not remove a small residual quantity of the bound insulin, suggesting that minimal chemical binding or diffusion of the insulin into the plastic may occur. Insulin binding to plastic bags primarily follows the physical laws of adsorption.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3′-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] was synthesized and coated onto cotton fibers together with titania nanoparticles (TiO2) by chemical binding in a one-bath process.
Abstract: Organic–inorganic composites have the drawn attention of researchers due to their combined properties. In this work, poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3′-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) was synthesized and coated onto cotton fibers together with titania nanoparticles (TiO2) by chemical binding in a one-bath process. The treated cotton with improved UV stability can produce biocidal properties against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) upon chlorination with diluted sodium hypochlorite solutions. The characteristics of the coated cotton were determined by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and XPS, and the washing stability and antibacterial efficacies were tested. Moreover, the N–Cl bond and compound stability under UV irradiation were measured. It was found that the treated cotton showed excellent antimicrobial properties within a brief contact time and great washing stability. The N–Cl bond and compound itself showed excellent stability under UV light irradiation.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method to obtain the kinetics of nanoparticle agglomeration processes is presented based on the change of particle diameter during aggregation, which is validated with a series of experiments where the growth of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles immersed in base oil was followed at different times, temperatures, and particle concentrations.
Abstract: The direct application of nanoparticles as nonsupported adsorbents and catalysts is of high interest since they offer high surface areas with reduced mass transfer limitations. However, the natural tendency of these materials to aggregate, even faster when at high temperatures, makes the agglomeration process an important phenomenon to be studied, understood and, eventually controlled. A method to obtain the kinetics of nanoparticle agglomeration processes is presented in this paper. This analysis was based on the change of particle diameter during aggregation. The kinetic expression was validated with a series of experiments where the growth of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles immersed in base oil was followed at different times, temperatures, and particle concentrations. Results revealed the nature of the particle agglomeration process in the ranges of the experimental conditions; they indicated that physical adhesion, more than chemical binding, is the determining mechanism for agglomeration of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles immersed in base oil.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical nanostructured Ce-Co3O4 composites derived from Ce-substituted ZIF-67 precursors were used for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Abstract: Efficient electrocatalysts based on abundant transition metals have emerged as important candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, significant improvement in OER performance has been achieved by using hierarchical nanostructured Ce–Co3O4 composites derived from Ce-substituted ZIF-67 precursors. Our results show that proper control of the introduced Ce amount and species could precisely tune the Co3+/Co2+ ratio and induce surface oxygen defects, further boosting the OER performance. Especially, the introduction of suitable Ce content (i.e., 6.44 wt% Ce) into the crystal structure and onto the surface of Co3O4 effectively facilitates the formation of Co3+ species and modifies the chemical binding energies, leading to much improved activity for OER with a 369 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1 and excellent long-term stability in 1.0 M KOH solution. These results demonstrate the efficient and feasible strategy for tailoring the electrocatalytic properties of metal oxides by Ce-doping and modification.
37 citations
TL;DR: The MTT assay was found to have several advantages in comparison to the current standard 51Cr release assay, including being Optimized in the 96-well format, complete dose response curves and greater sample comparisons can be made rapidly, making the MTT method more economical in time and cost.
37 citations