Topic
Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a model interface composed of a thin layer of LiCoPO4 of varying thickness on top of Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.3 was used to corroborate information about changes in the chemical state of the materials as well as to track the inter-diffusion across the interface of all corresponding ionic species.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of different gold oxidation states on the CO oxidation activity at 80°C on structurally well defined Au/TiO2 (P25) catalysts was studied.
21 citations
TL;DR: The development of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor which allows the investigation of ongoing chemical reactions on the surface of a molten metal at elevated temperatures and under reactive conditions is reported.
Abstract: Liquid metal catalysts (LMCats) (e.g., molten copper) can provide a new mass-production method for two-dimensional materials (2DMs) (e.g., graphene) with significantly higher quality and speed and lower energy and material consumption. To reach such technological excellence, the physicochemical properties of LMCats and the growth mechanisms of 2DMs on LMCats should be investigated. Here, we report the development of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor which allows the investigation of ongoing chemical reactions on the surface of a molten metal at elevated temperatures and under reactive conditions. The surface of the molten metal is monitored simultaneously using synchrotron x-ray scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy, thereby providing complementary information about the atomic structure and chemical state of the surface. To enable in situ characterization on a molten substrate at high temperatures (e.g., ∼1370 K for copper), the optical and x-ray windows need to be protected from the evaporating LMCat, reaction products, and intense heat. This has been achieved by creating specific gas-flow patterns inside the reactor. The optimized design of the reactor has been achieved using multiphysics COMSOL simulations, which take into account the heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and transport of LMCat vapor inside the reactor. The setup has been successfully tested and is currently used to investigate the CVD growth of graphene on the surface of molten copper under pressures ranging from medium vacuum up to atmospheric pressure.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the change of surface layers and chemical state of atoms on Galena surface after treatment by high-voltage nanosecond electromagnetic pulses was studied using both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrograms.
Abstract: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to study the change of the surface layers and chemical state of atoms on galena surface after treatment by high-voltage nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. By XPS the induced structural changes of galena surface layer are associated with alteration of chemical state of sulfur atoms, which conditions the change of electrochemical and flotation properties of the semiconductor sulfide mineral: growth of electrode potential creates favorable conditions for adsorption of anion collector and promotes increased floatability of galena.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical states of iodine in an aqeous environment, at very low concentrations and at temperatures of 1000 to 1300°C, have been investigated using iodine produced by neutron fission of U, UO2 and U3O8.
21 citations