Topic
Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of standard XPS measurements, using a modern system with monochromatic X-rays and a dual flood gun, on the chemical stability of several Cr(VI) compounds was investigated in depth.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the core level shifts have been separated into initial and final state shifts by employing the Auger parameter concept, and the significant differences between compounds with fourfold oxygen coordination could essentially be attributed to environmental effects.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were measured and compared with that of reference materials to obtain speciation information.
Abstract: The atmospheric particulate matter samples were collected in Shanghai, China. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were measured. The XANES spectroscopy was used as a fingerprint to compare with that of reference materials to obtain speciation information. The oxidation state of these elements and main chemical components in the samples were described using the method. The results show that in our samples the oxidation state of Cr is trivalent, Mn mainly exists in the divalent state, Cu also exists in the divalent state, and Zn mainly exists in the zinc sulfate. For the XANES spectra of samples with different particle size and from different sampling site, we did not find their obvious differences. When we compared the XANES spectra of our samples with those of standard reference material SRM 1648, we found that they are similar in regards to the determined elements. The elemental concentrations in the samples were determined by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The difference of elemental concentrations was observed in the different samples.
18 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a novel soft X-ray emission spectrometer in electron probe microanalysis can help to obtain a chemical state map of B in a modeled control rod after a high-temperature steam oxidation test.
Abstract: B4C is widely used as control rods in light water reactors, such as the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, because it shows excellent neutron absorption and has a high melting point. However, B4C can melt at lower temperatures owing to eutectic interactions with stainless steel and can even evaporate by reacting with high-temperature steam under severe accident conditions. To reduce the risk of recriticality, a precise understanding of the location and chemical state of B in the melt core is necessary. Here we show that a novel soft X-ray emission spectrometer in electron probe microanalysis can help to obtain a chemical state map of B in a modeled control rod after a high-temperature steam oxidation test.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the addition of NbF5 or TiF4 to the Ca(BH4)(2) + MgH2 reactive hydride composite system was attempted aiming to obtain a full reversible system with the simultaneous suppression of CaB12H12.
18 citations