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Chemical state

About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the nucleation and growth phenomena of Palladium clusters cattered onto a thin (20 A) layer of SiOx, grown by plasma oxidation onto Si(100) doped B surface were investigated.
Abstract: Atomic Force Microscopy (A.F.M.) and Rutherford back scattering (R.B.S.) have been employed to study the nucleation and growth phenomena of Palladium clusters cattered onto a thin (20 A) layer of SiOx, grown by plasma oxidation onto Si(100) doped B surface. X ray photoemission (XPS) of the 3d core level of palladium has permitted to follow the clusters silica interaction. Intrinsic final state size effect and extrinsic initial chemical state are discussed for clusters in the range of 10 to 104 atoms.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Magnesiothermic reduction was applied to silica glass substrates at various conditions including solid state or solid-Mg liquid reaction, and solid Mg vapor reaction.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the average valency of Mn doped into BaTiO3 was about 3.4, indicating the occurrence of a significant concentration of oxygen vacancy, which was markedly lowered by addition of Si.
Abstract: Chemical states of Mn in BaTiO3 and interactions between Mn and other dopants were studied mainly by chemical analysis and ESR spectroscopy. Chemical analysis showed that the average valency of Mn doped into BaTiO3 was about 3.4, indicating the occurrence of a significant concentration of oxygen vacancy. The average valency of Mn was scarcely affected by codoping of an equimolar amount of La with Mn, but was markedly lowered by addition of Si. It was assumed that stabilization of La segregated to the grain-boundary region due to La-Mn interaction resulted in suppression of the cation vacancy formation and eventually in protection of adsorbed oxygen ions at the grain boundaries. ESR analysis showed that La3+-Mn3+ associate was a strong trap center compatible with Mn4+. The mean valency of Mn in the grain-boundary region of Mn- and La-codoped BaTiO3 was significantly lower than that in the grain interior.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the surface chemistry of doped electride nanoparticles was analyzed using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic characterization, and the results showed that Sn was in the form of Sn4+ at the surface of the doped C12A7:e− nanoparticles.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectrography (XPS) were used to investigate the trapping behavior of deuterium ions implanted into tungsten simultaneously with carbon ions.
Abstract: The trapping behaviour of deuterium ions implanted into tungsten simultaneously with carbon ions was investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The D2 TDS spectrum consisted of three desorption stages, namely desorption of deuterium trapped by intrinsic defects, ion-induced defects and carbon with the formation of the C–D bond. Although the deuterium retention trapped by intrinsic defects was almost constant, that by ion-induced defects increased as the ion fluence increased. The retention of deuterium with the formation of the C–D bond was saturated at an ion fluence of 0.5×1022 D+ m–2, where the major process was changed from the sputtering of tungsten with the formation of a W–C mixture to the formation of a C–C layer, and deuterium retention as the C–D bond decreased. It was concluded that the C–C layer would enhance the chemical sputtering of carbon with deuterium with the formation of CDx and the chemical state of carbon would control the deuterium retention in tungsten under C+–D2+ implantation.

11 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202326
202249
202184
202089
201987
201894