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Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the results of XPS have been compared with the data of transmission electron microscopy of the thin foils of La- and Zr-based alloys, which indicate the presence of two different phases, according to electron microdiffraction, are nickel-based alloy and oxide.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects on the surfaces of seven titanium alloys treated with an industrial phosphate-fluoride conversion treatment were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectrograph (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrograms (SIMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the annealing effects over a range of temperatures of the titanium film (90nm) grown on Si(111) by electron gun evaporation technique were investigated using physical and electrical measurements.
9 citations
TL;DR: In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements collected at the Pt L3-edge during the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution are reported and it is observed that the NPs formation kinetics involved two stages: a reduction-nucleation burst followed by a slow growth and stabilization of NPs.
Abstract: In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements collected at the Pt L3-edge during the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution are reported. A specially designed dispenser–reactor apparatus allowed for monitoring changes in the XAS spectra from the earliest moments of Pt ions in solution until the formation of metallic nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 4.9 ± 1.1 nm. By monitoring the changes in the local chemical environment of the Pt atoms in real time, it was possible to observe that the NPs formation kinetics involved two stages: a reduction-nucleation burst followed by a slow growth and stabilization of NPs. Subsequently, the synthesized Pt NPs were supported on activated carbon and characterized by synchrotron-radiation-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The supported Pt NPs remained in the metallic chemical state and with a reduced size, presenting slight lattice parameter contraction in comparison with the bulk Pt values.
9 citations