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Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a modified linear combination fitting method has been used to analyze the chemical states by measuring the x-ray absorption coefficient at only several energy points, where the target spectrum is not required to be preliminarily normalized.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , some challenges in using electron spectroscopy are discussed, such as binding energy (BE) referencing for the quantitative study of chemical shifts, gas atmospheric influences, or beam damage.
Abstract: Li-based batteries are a key element in reaching a sustainable energy economy in the near future. The understanding of the very complex electrochemical processes is necessary for the optimization of their performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an accepted method used to improve understanding around the chemical processes at the electrode surfaces. Nevertheless, its application is limited because the surfaces under investigation are mostly rough and inhomogeneous. Local elemental analysis, such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), could assist XPS to gain more insight into the chemical processes at the surfaces. In this paper, some challenges in using electron spectroscopy are discussed, such as binding energy (BE) referencing for the quantitative study of chemical shifts, gas atmospheric influences, or beam damage (including both AE and XP spectroscopy). Carefully prepared and surface-modified metallic lithium material is used as model surface, considering that Li is the key element for most battery applications.
3 citations
TL;DR: The chemical states of the exchanged ions of the iron in the phase of the sulfonated resin of the type of Dowex-50 or KU-2 (U.S.A.) were investigated by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy as discussed by the authors.
3 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: A surface chemical analysis of 12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)•11−mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) is performed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: A surface chemical analysis of 12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) is performed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For this purpose, the PEGMUA‐coated AuNPs are deposited using two different deposition techniques, drop‐casting or spin‐coating, on a thin‐film carbon substrate. The measurements show that AuNPs are present in the +I oxidation state due to the synthesis process of the coated AuNPs, and in the Au(0) oxidation state. Carbon and oxygen contaminations are detected on both the coating surface and carbon substrate. While sputtering of the sample with argon enables the removal of carbon and oxygen contaminations, it also removes part of the coating on the sample surface. The two deposition methods, however, do not cause any chemical structural changes to the nanoparticles.
3 citations