Topic
Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: The apparent contradiction between the initial chemical state of Ni-P deposits of Randin et al. and Pai et al is explained in this article, where the presence of free phosphorus is shown to depend on the deposition temperature, and the changes of dc resistivity upon heating is claimed to be due to crystallization and formation of Ni3P regions in the films.
Abstract: The apparent contradiction between the initial chemical state of Ni–P deposits of Randin et al. and Pai et al. is explained. The presence of free phosphorus is shown to depend on the deposition temperature. The changes of dc resistivity upon heating is claimed to be due to crystallization and to the formation of Ni3P regions in the films.
2 citations
TL;DR: A nanocrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution of 6% Fe in Cu was prepared by high-energy ball milling, and annealed at temperatures from 200 to 360 °C to induce chemical unmixing.
2 citations
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this article, photoelectron spectroscopy has attracted wide interest among specialists in catalysis, particularly because of its sensitivity to the top first layers of solid materials and to the chemical state of all elements, namely the oxidation state and covalency or ionic types of bondings.
Abstract: Photoelectron spectroscopy has been developed in the past 25 years and attracted wide interest among specialists in catalysis, particularly because of its sensitivity to the top first layers of solid materials(1) and to the chemical state of all elements, namely the oxidation state and covalency or ionic types of bondings. The technique suffers from its own physical principle as it must be carried out in a high vacuum. This feature requires cumbersome and expensive high-vacuum equipment, and obviously requires experimental conditions far from those of catalytic reactions.
2 citations
TL;DR: X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) using synchrotron radiation excitation can be used to provide chemical speciation information for trace elements at concentrations as low as 10 ppm.
Abstract: Information concerning the chemical state of trace elements in biological systems generally has not been available. Such information for toxic elements and metals in metalloproteins could prove extremely valuable in the elucidation of their metabolism and other biological processes. The shielding of core electrons by binding electrons affect the energy required for creating inner-shell holes. Furthermore, the molecular binding and symmetry of the local environment of an atom affect the absorption spectrum in the neighborhood of the absorption edge. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) using synchrotron radiation excitation can be used to provide chemical speciation information for trace elements at concentrations as low as 10 ppm. The structure and position of the absorption curve in the region of an edge can yield vital data about the local structure and oxidation state of the trace element in question. Data are most easily interpreted by comparing the observed edge structure and position with those of model compounds of the element covering the entire range of possible oxidation states. Examples of such analyses will be reviewed.
2 citations
Patent•
11 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method and apparatus for performing online monitoring of a chemical state of a process material. But the method is limited to a single process and is not suitable for a large number of processes.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing online monitoring of a chemical state of a process material. A request to provide a process chemical to a processing tool is received. The process chemical is transported through a chemical transport unit, based upon the request, to the processing tool. An online monitoring of a chemical state of the process chemical is performed. The online monitoring of the process chemical includes analyzing a resultant of a radiation signal sent through the process chemical to determine a refractive index to determine whether the chemical state of the process chemical is within a predetermined level of tolerance.
2 citations