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Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to investigate the local chemical states of various copper compounds and combined scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to image the microstructures of particles.
Abstract: As alternatives to the conventional ionized copper-based preservatives used in the pressure-treated lumber (PTL), micronized copper azole (MCA) compounds have become the primary sources for treating PTL products in recent years [1]. The active ingredients of MCA wood preservatives consist of basic copper carbonate (BCC) particles with sizes less than 1 μm and organic co-biocide compounds [2]. The release of copper compounds has been observed during leaching in the environment and mechanical processing of the PTL products [3-5]. There is a growing concern over the potential exposure of workers to the micronized/nanoscale copper particles released during the handling and mechanical processing of copper-treated lumber. A recent toxicity study indicated that sanding of copper-treated lumber can produce nanoscale copper particles that are potentially cytotoxic [6]. However, the potential toxicity of metal nanoparticles is greatly affected by their chemical states, aspect ratios, and degree of agglomeration. In this study, we utilized electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to investigate the local chemical states of various copper compounds and combined scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to image the microstructures of particles.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply the scanning TOF-ESD to the line-and-space made of Si and SiO2 to obtain a 2D image of hydrogen and oxygen for different chemical bonding energies.
Abstract: Electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) measures adsorbed low-Z elements on solid surfaces. A TOF-ESD system reveals not only mass separation in the spectrum of desorbed ions but also kinetic energy distributions which reflect the chemical bonding energy of adsorbed elements. Therefore, a time-resolved measurement of TOF-ESD in scanning mode provides a 2-dimensional imaging of hydrogen and oxygen for different chemical bonding energies. We apply the scanning TOF-ESD to the line-&-space made of Si and SiO2.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photoelectron spectroscopy analysis system was used to grow carbon nanotubes in a thermal chemical vapor deposition and analyzed the chemical states of the Co catalysts by in-situ x-ray spectroscopic analysis before and after the growth.
Abstract: We succeeded in growing carbon nanotubes in a photoelectron spectroscopy analysis system using thermal chemical vapor deposition and analyzed the chemical states of the Co catalysts by in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after the growth. We found that almost all of the Co particles are metallic after the growth in both cases; Co particles are formed from a Co oxide thin film and a metallic Co thin film. This shows that the metallic state is stable for Co under low-pressure ethanol ambient in our growth condition for carbon nanotubes.