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Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the morphology, crystallographic structures, electronic structure and the temperature dependence of chemical states of nanoclusters were investigated by using TEM, AFM, EXAFS and XPS, respectively.
Abstract: Highly dispersive and size controlled Pd and Pt nanoclusters have been synthesized by gas condensation and Arc plasma source. The morphology, crystallographic structures, electronic structure and the temperature dependence of chemical states of nanocluster were investigated by using TEM, AFM, EXAFS and XPS, respectively. The results show that non-passivized Pd nanoclusters with the size of 1.5~ 5.7nm are consisted with pure Pd core covered by highly oxidized PdO2 thin layer. The dioxide state PdO2 layers start to converting to Pd at 120°C and vanishing at 180°C in a reduction atmosphere.
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical states of iron in the TiN/Fe interface and their thermal stability were studied by conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy, and the interface region is composed mainly of not stoichiometric iron nitrides which decompose between 600 and 700 °C.
Abstract: TiN covers were formed on metallic iron with the use of Ion Beam Assisted Deposition method and Physical Vapor Deposition technique. The chemical states of iron in the TiN/Fe interface and their thermal stability were studied by Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy. The interface region is composed mainly of not stoichiometric iron nitrides which decompose between 600 and 700 °C.
TL;DR: In this article, single-like and polycrystalline Si0.4Ge0.6samples were used for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the chemical states of the Si and Ge in the oxide.
Abstract: Bulk crystals of Si0.4Ge0.6, grown using the vertical Bridgman method, were oxidized at 800 °C for 1 h using oxygen in dry oxidation and a stream of de-ionized water in wet oxidation. Single-like and polycrystalline Si0.4Ge0.6samples were used. The oxidized samples were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the chemical states of the Si and Ge in the oxide. In the sample oxidized using a dry ambient, the oxide layer consisted mainly of SiO2, and GeO2 formed the subsurface area only. This can be accounted for by the differences in the formation of the free energies of the SiO2 and GeO2. In wet oxidation, the oxide layer had a mixed structure consisting of SiO2 and GeO2. To understand the oxide formation mechanisms in the wet oxidation process, an introduction of a chemical bond manipulation explained the formation of the mixed structure.
Patent•
25 Dec 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a method for analyzing the aging of a rubber mixture includes irradiating a rubber composition with a metal coating formed on it with a thickness of 100 Ǻ or less high intensity X-rays having an energy in the range of 4000 eV or less.
Abstract: FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: method for analyzing the aging of a rubber mixture includes irradiating a rubber composition with a metal coating formed on it with a thickness of 100 Ǻ or less high intensity X-rays having an energy in the range of 4000 eV or less, and measuring the X-ray absorption from absorption spectra for the aging analysis of a rubber compound for a tire.EFFECT: accuracy of the evaluation of the chemical state of the rubber surface during aging increases.8 cl, 10 dwg, 5 tbl
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that light-controllable magnetism is a property of a mixture of Fe and oxidized Fe clusters embedded in the anatase TiO2 matrix.
Abstract: TiO2:Fe thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition exhibit in some case light dependent saturation magnetization, as determined from Kerr magnetometry measurements performed in dark or by illuminating the sample. This phenomenon is studied in correlation with local atomic structure investigated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure, composition and chemical state analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by X-ray absorption near-edge structure. It is found that lightcontrollable magnetism is a property of a mixture of Fe and oxidized Fe clusters embedded in the anatase TiO2 matrix.