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Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article , the fractal characteristics of particle groups and the mechanochemical effects of mechanically grinding Yellow River Sediment (MGYRS) were investigated, and the analysis by XRD, FT-IR and XPS microscopic tests revealed that: the crystallinity and grain size of mineral crystals in MGYRS decreased with the increase in milling time.
Abstract: This paper investigated the fractal characteristics of particle groups and the mechanochemical effects of mechanically grinding Yellow River Sediment (MGYRS). The particle groups of MGYRS had good fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension had a better correlation with the particle size, distribution and specific surface area of MGYRS, which could well reflect the changes in the physical properties of MGYRS. After mechanical milling, the analysis by XRD, FT-IR and XPS microscopic tests revealed that: the crystallinity and grain size of mineral crystals in MGYRS decreased with the increase in milling time. The electron binding energy of Si2p, Al2p and O1s shifted to the low-energy direction, and the chemical valence state of silicon atoms appeared Si3+ due to the breakage of the Si-O-Si/Al chemical bond. These changes in internal structure and chemical valence state were the microscopic manifestations of mechanochemical effects. The activation rate of MGYRS increased with the increase of grinding time, which was the macroscopic manifestation of mechanochemical effects.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, different ratios of Gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol matrices weight/volume were provided in order to find the optimal condition to light absorption for bR photocycle.
Abstract: Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a transmembrane protein which can exist in a variety form of chemical states. By choosing two states, O state for binary zero and Q state as binary one, it is possible to use this protein as a memory device. In order to increase O state life time and follow that Q state the new matrix was design to make a bR film. Thus, different ratios of Gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol matrices weight/volume were provided in order to find the optimal condition to light absorption. In addition, triethanolamine (TEA) was also used as photosensitizing chemical additive to film forming suspension. It found that the bR film matrix of 0.0005% (w/v) is the best ratio for bR light absorption. Furthermore, TEA changed both absorption and the lifetime of M intermediate. After wards, bR film was chemically immobilized on glassy surface and then illuminated by laser beam in different times. Radiation of bR films in various intervals after chemical immobilization demonstrated that bR ground state; M, P, and Q intermediates of bR photocycle are existed.