Topic
Chemical state
About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution XANES and PES spectra of N 1s reveal the chemical states of N dopants and give a direct observation of nitrogen location in the ZnO films.
Abstract: X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) with synchrotron radiation have been applied to investigate the structure and chemical states of nitrogen atoms in ZnO:N films with different annealing temperatures. The high-resolution XANES and PES spectra of N 1s reveal the chemical states of N dopants and give a direct observation of nitrogen location in the ZnO films. The results indicate that only the nitrogen atoms incorporated substitutionally at O sites act as acceptors, and contribute to the p-type characteristic of the ZnO:N film.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a complete and novel method of chemical analysis making use of the associated Auger transitions and finding the modified Auger parameters of concerned samples is proposed. But the analysis seems to provide means to identify intricate chemical phases, which are quite tricky to conclude from other analytical experiments.
42 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that this electronegativity scale can be successfully applied to predict the hardness of covalent and polar covalents in crystals, which will be very useful for studying various chemical and physical properties ofcovalent materials.
Abstract: A new electronegativity table of elements in covalent crystals with different bonding electrons and the most common coordination numbers is suggested on the basis of covalent potentials of atoms in crystals. For a given element, the electronegativity increases with increasing number of bonding electrons and decreases with increasing coordination number. Particularly, the ionicity of a covalent bond in different environments can be well-reflected by current electronegativity values; that is, the ionicity of chemical bonds increases as the coordination number of the bonded atoms increases. We show that this electronegativity scale can be successfully applied to predict the hardness of covalent and polar covalent crystals, which will be very useful for studying various chemical and physical properties of covalent materials.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the shifts in the binding energy of the Sn 3d 5/2 peak and in its Auger parameter are produced as an effect of the interaction with the substrate.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of natural clinoptilolite from a mine in Sonora, Mexico was performed to determine the chemical state and binding energy of the elements in the zeolite framework and of those in extra framework sites.
42 citations