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Chemical state

About: Chemical state is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78183 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to observe the chemical changes that occur on ATJ graphite after lithium deposition, and the chemical state of lithiated graphite was found to change upon deuterium irradiation indicating the formation Li-O-D, manifest at 532.9 ± 0.6 eV.
Abstract: Lithium wall conditioning has been found to enhance plasma performance for graphite walled fusion devices such as TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX. Among observed plasma enhancements is a reduction in edge density and reduced deuterium recycling. The mechanism by which lithiated graphite retains deuterium is largely unknown. Under controlled laboratory conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to observe the chemical changes that occur on ATJ graphite after lithium deposition. The chemical state of lithiated graphite is found to change upon deuterium irradiation indicating the formation Li-O-D, manifest at 532.9 ± 0.6 eV. Lithium-deuterium interactions are also manifest in the C 1s photoelectron energy range and show Li-C-D interactions at 291.2 ± 0.6 eV. Post-mortem NSTX tiles that have been exposed to air upon extraction are cleaned and examined, revealing the chemical archaeology that formed during NSTX operations. XPS spectra show strong correlation (± 0.3 eV) in Li-O-D and Li-O pea...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dust-free route for the preparation of (U, Am)O 2−x targets has been demonstrated using a combined sol-gel and single or double Am-infiltration process at the Minor Actinide Laboratory (MALAB).

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface modifications induced by a remote oxygen microwave plasma on three different polymers (LDPE, PS, PMMA) have been extensively investigated in situ by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, after transfer in atmosphere, by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS).
Abstract: Surface modifications induced by a remote oxygen microwave plasma on three different polymers (LDPE, PS, PMMA) have been extensively investigated in situ by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and, after transfer in atmosphere, by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS). By a direct transfer from the plasma chamber to the XPS spectrometer the chemical functionalities introduced on the surface of the polymeric substrate are identified and quantitatively determined. Furthermore, high resolution molecular analysis by TOF SIMS allows a better understanding of the chemical changes induced by the oxygen plasma. The information gathered from the two techniques permits us to propose oxidation mechanisms of the polymer surfaces. The relative density of ground state atomic oxygen O (3P) in the remote discharge is shown to be of fundamental importance for the initiation of the oxidation. This species is responsible for the formation of radicals from which are further produced highly oxidized fun...

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoluminescent (PL) p-type 6H porous silicon carbides (PSCs) were annealed in Ar and vacuum conditions.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical properties of the lithiated graphite surfaces during deposition using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering spectrographs were investigated.

37 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202326
202249
202184
202089
201987
201894