Topic
Chitin
About: Chitin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6590 publications have been published within this topic receiving 253993 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: Estimates of chitin inputs into marine systems indicate that on the order of 10% of bacterial production could be supported by chitIn, and although it appears low, few individual biochemicals are likely to support much more bacterial growth than chit in, with the possible exception of protein and amino acids.
Abstract: We examined various aspects of chitin degradation in order to estimate degradation rates and the contribution of chltin to supporting bacterial growth in the Delaware estuary. Hydrolysis of the chtin analog, methylumbelliferyl-N,Nf-diacetyl-chitobioside (MUF-N DOM release was roughly equal to respiration of 14C-chitin. This DOM release could support growth of bactena not attached or otherwise associated with the chitin, but rates of DOM release and direct chitin degradation seem low relative to bacterial production During 2 cruises in July and October, chitin appeared to support 5% or less of bacterial production, whereas during one cruise in September the percentage was about 30%. Estimates of chitin inputs into marine systems indicate that on the order of 10% of bacterial production could be supported by chitin. Although it appears low, few individual biochemicals are likely to support much more bacterial growth than chitin, with the possible exception of protein and amino acids.
78 citations
TL;DR: Three different ruminal fungi were grown anaerobically in liquid media which contained a suspension of either 1% purified cellulose or finely milled wheat straw as the source of fermentable carbon and biomass was estimated by using cell wall chitin or cellular protein in cellulose cultures and chit in straw cultures.
Abstract: Three different ruminal fungi, a Neocallimastix sp. (strain LM-1), a Piromonas sp. (strain SM-1), and a Sphaeromonas sp. (strain NM-1), were grown anaerobically in liquid media which contained a suspension of either 1% (wt/vol) purified cellulose or finely milled wheat straw as the source of fermentable carbon. Fungal biomass was estimated by using cell wall chitin or cellular protein in cellulose cultures and chitin in straw cultures. Both strains LM-1 and SM-1 degraded cellulose with a concomitant increase in fungal biomass. Maximum growth of both fungi occurred after incubation for 4 days, and the final yield of protein was the same for both fungi. Cellulose degradation continued after growth ceased. Strain NM-1 failed to grow in the cellulose medium. All three anaerobic fungi grew in the straw-containing medium, and loss of dry weight from the cultures indicated degradation of straw to various degrees (LM-1 greater than SM-1 greater than NM-1). The total fiber component and the cellulose component of the straw were degraded in similar proportions, but the lignin component remained undegraded by any of the fungi. Maximum growth yield on straw occurred after 4 days for strain LM-1 and after 5 days for strains SM-1 and NM-1. The calculated yield of cellular protein for strain LM-1 was twice that of both strains SM-1 and NM-1. The cellular protein yield of strain SM-1 was the same in both cellulose and straw cultures. In contrast to cellulose, straw degradation ceased after the end of the growth phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal properties of chitin and HPCH were examined by using the dynamic mechanical analysis (d.m.a.) technique to determine the glass transition temperature (T g ) of both the chitins and the HPCH.
78 citations
TL;DR: Chitin synthetase, initially very low, was incorporated in important amounts into cell membranes mainly in a zymogenic state and was the most abundant polymer found in the aberrant wall of the regenerating protoplast of Candida albicans.
Abstract: The transition of blastospores to the mycelial phase in Candida albicans was induced after the blastospores were kept at 4 degrees C for several hours and then transferred to a fresh medium prewarmed at 37 degrees C. Glucan was the most abundant polymer in the wall in the two morphogenetic forms but the amount of chitin was higher in the mycelial form than in blastospores. Efficient protoplasting required reducing agents and proteases together with beta-glucanases (zymolyase). Protein synthesis in regenerating protoplasts was initiated after about 30 min. Chitin synthetase, initially very low, was incorporated in important amounts into cell membranes mainly in a zymogenic state. After a few hours chitin was the most abundant polymer found in the aberrant wall of the regenerating protoplast.
78 citations
TL;DR: An increase in phenanthrene and 1-naphthol sorption by lignin-coated biopolymers as compared to chitin and cellulose was contributed by the newly created high-energy sites in condensed domains and coated lign in.
Abstract: Sorption of pyrene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and 1-naphthol by original (lignin, chitin, and cellulose) and coated biopolymers was examined. Organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients (Koc) of all compounds by the original biopolymers followed the order lignin > chitin > cellulose, in line with the order of their hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity of structurally similar organic compounds is the main factor determining their ability to occupy sorption sites in biopolymers. Specific interactions (e.g., H-bonding) between 1-naphthol and chitin or cellulose increased its ability to occupy sorption sites. Lignin coating resulted in an increased Koc for phenanthrene (13.6 times for chitin and 6.9 times for cellulose) and 1-naphthol (6.0 times for chitin and 3.7 times for cellulose) relative to the acetone-treated chitin and cellulose. Also, these coated biopolymers had increased isotherm nonlinearity, due to the newly formed condensed domains. An increase in phenanthrene and 1-naphthol sorption by ligni...
78 citations