Topic
Chitin
About: Chitin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6590 publications have been published within this topic receiving 253993 citations.
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264 citations
TL;DR: This insect chitin was compared with the commercial α-chitin from shrimp, by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis, and exhibited similar chemical structures and physicochemical properties.
Abstract: Insect chitin was isolated from adult Holotrichia parallela by treatment with 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH, following by 1% potassium permanganate solution for decolorization. The yield of chitin from this species is 15%. This insect chitin was compared with the commercial a-chitin from shrimp, by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. Both chitins exhibited similar chemical structures and physicochemical properties. Adult H. parallela is thus a promising alternative source of chitin.
264 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic studies of the degradation reaction show that the hydrolysis of partially deacetylated chitin by lysozyme follows typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km value of 45 micrograms/ml and a Vmax value of 0.083 x 10(-3) g/l/min.
263 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan has been used both as a biostimulant to stimulate plant growth, and abiotic stress tolerance, and as to induce pathogen resistance; however, these responses are complex and they depend on different chitOSan-based structures and concentrations as well as the plant species and developmental stage.
262 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the preparation and biological activities of chitin, chitosan, COS, and their derivatives, and the greater solubility and low viscosity of COS have attracted the interest of many researchers to utilize COS and their derivative for various biomedical applications.
Abstract: Chitin is a natural polysaccharide of major importance. This biopolymer is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms; considering the amount of chitin produced annually in the world, it is the most abundant polymer after cellulose. The most important derivative of chitin is chitosan, obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin under alkaline conditions or by enzymatic hydrolysis. Chitin and chitosan are known to have important functional activities but poor solubility makes them difficult to use in food and biomedicinal applications. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin prepared by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of chitosan. The greater solubility and low viscosity of COS have attracted the interest of many researchers to utilize COS and their derivatives for various biomedical applications. In light of the recent interest in the biomedical applications of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives, this review focuses on the preparation and biological activities of chitin, chitosan, COS, and their derivatives.
261 citations